Hymenocallis coronaria: Difference between revisions
Altairisfar (talk | contribs) Copyedit(s) |
|||
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
'''''Hymenocallis coronaria''''', commonly known as the '''Cahaba lily''', '''Shoal lily''', or '''Shoals spider-lily''', is an [[aquatic ecosystem|aquatic]], [[perennial]] [[flowering plant]] [[species]] of the genus ''[[Hymenocallis]]''. It is endemic to to the [[Southeastern United States]], being found only in [[Alabama]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], and [[South Carolina]]. Within Alabama it is known as the Cahaba lily, elsewhere it is known as the Shoal lily or Shoals spider-lily.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Alabama">{{cite web|author=Davenport, L. J.|title=Cahaba lily | work=Encyclopedia of Alabama | url=http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-967 | accessdate=2008-10-08}}</ref> |
'''''Hymenocallis coronaria''''', commonly known as the '''Cahaba lily''', '''Shoal lily''', or '''Shoals spider-lily''', is an [[aquatic ecosystem|aquatic]], [[perennial]] [[flowering plant]] [[species]] of the genus ''[[Hymenocallis]]''. It is endemic to to the [[Southeastern United States]], being found only in [[Alabama]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], and [[South Carolina]]. Within Alabama it is known as the Cahaba lily, elsewhere it is known as the Shoal lily or Shoals spider-lily.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Alabama">{{cite web|author=Davenport, L. J.|title=Cahaba lily | work=Encyclopedia of Alabama | url=http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-967 | accessdate=2008-10-08}}</ref> |
||
==Description and habitat== |
==Description and habitat== butt head stupid |
||
''Hymenocallis coronaria'' requires a swift, shallow, water current and direct sunlight to flourish.<ref name="cablilycom">{{cite web|title=About the Cahaba Lily|work=CahabaLily.com|url=http://www.cahabalily.com/AboutTheCahabaLily.htm|accessdate=2007-12-16}}</ref> The plant grows to about {{convert|3|ft|m|1}} tall and develops from a bulb that lodges in cracks in rocky [[shoal]]s.<ref name="cabrivnet">{{cite web|title=The Cahaba Lily|work=Cahabariver.net|url=http://www.cahabariver.net/lily.htm|accessdate=2007-12-16}}</ref> It blooms from early May to late June.<ref name="cablilycom"/> Each fragrant flower blossom opens overnight and last for one day. They are visited and possibly pollinated by ''[[Paratrea plebeja]]'', commonly known as the plebian sphinx moth, and ''[[Battus philenor]]'', the pipevine swallowtail butterfly.<ref name="multiscale">{{cite web |url=http://www.amjbot.org/content/94/2/151.full |title=Multiscale analysis of ''Hymenocallis coronaria'' (Amaryllidaceae) genetic diversity, genetic structure, and gene movement under the influence of unidirectional stream flow |last1=Markwith |first1=Scott H. |last2=Scanlon |first2=Michael J. |date=May 11, 2006 |work=American Journal of Botany |publisher=Botanical Society of America |accessdate=October 1, 2012}}</ref> |
|||
The plant was first scientifically described in 1783 by [[William Bartram]] as the “odoriferous ''Pancratium fluitans'' which almost alone possesses the little rocky islets”. He observed it growing in the [[Savannah River]] near [[Augusta, Georgia]].<ref name="eflora">{{cite web|title=Hymenocallis coronaria in Flora of North America|work=eFloras.org|url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242101673|accessdate=2007-12-16}}</ref> |
|||
==Populations== |
==Populations== |
||
Revision as of 20:38, 9 January 2013
| Hymenocallis coronaria | |
|---|---|
| |
| H. coronaria in bloom. | |
| |
| A stand of H. coronaria in the Cahaba River in Alabama. | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| (unranked): | |
| (unranked): | |
| Order: | |
| Family: | |
| Subfamily: | |
| Genus: | |
| Species: | H. coronaria
|
| Binomial name | |
| Hymenocallis coronaria Kunth, 1850
| |
| Synonyms | |
|
Pancratium fluitans | |
Hymenocallis coronaria, commonly known as the Cahaba lily, Shoal lily, or Shoals spider-lily, is an aquatic, perennial flowering plant species of the genus Hymenocallis. It is endemic to to the Southeastern United States, being found only in Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina. Within Alabama it is known as the Cahaba lily, elsewhere it is known as the Shoal lily or Shoals spider-lily.[1]
==Description and habitat== butt head stupid
Populations
Hymenocallis coronaria is under consideration for protection under the Endangered Species Act, due to entire populations being wiped out by dam construction.[2] There are only approximately 50 extant populations of Hymenocallis coronaria left, all in the states of Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina. The three largest remaining populations are located in the Cahaba River in Alabama, the Catawba River in South Carolina, and in the Flint River in Georgia.[3] The Cahaba River has four separate populations, with three within the Cahaba River National Wildlife Refuge and one in Buck Creek); the Catawba has one within the Landsford Canal State Park; and the Flint has four, from Yellow Jacket Shoals to Hightower Shoals. Significant populations remain in the Savannah River basin, with three in the main channel and one each in the tributaries of Stevens Creek in South Carolina and the Broad River in Georgia.[3]