Hypothalamic–pituitary hormone

Hypothalamic–pituitary hormones are hormones that are produced by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Although the organs in which they are produced are relatively small, the effects of these hormones cascade throughout the body. They can be classified as a hypothalamic–pituitary axis (HP axis) of which the adrenal (HPATooltip hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis), gonadal (HPGTooltip hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis), thyroid (HPTTooltip hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis), somatotropic (HPSTooltip hypothalamic–pituitary–somatotropic axis), and prolactin (HPPTooltip hypothalamic–pituitary–prolactin axis) axes are branches.

*Hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-end organ axis*^[1]
	HPT axis	HPA axis	HPG axis	HPS axis	HPP axis
Hypothalamic hormone	TRHTooltip Thyrotropin-releasing hormone	CRHTooltip Corticotropin-releasing hormone	GnRHTooltip Gonadotropin-releasing hormone	GHRHTooltip Growth hormone-releasing hormone	Dopamine (inhibitor)
Pituitary cells	Thyrotrope	Corticotrope	Gonadotrope	Somatotrope	Lactotrope
Pituitary hormone	TSHTooltip Thyroid-stimulating hormone	ACTHTooltip Adrenocorticotropic hormone	LHTooltip Luteinizing hormone and FSHTooltip Follicle-stimulating hormone	GHTooltip Growth hormone	Prolactin
End organ	Thyroid	Adrenal	Gonads (testes or ovaries)	Liver	Mammary gland
Product	Thyroxine	Cortisol	Testosterone, estradiol	IGF-1Tooltip Insulin-like growth factor 1	Milk (no feedback)

It is possible for the function of these hormones to be altered by physical activity.^[2]

References

^ Melmed S, Jameson JL (2005). "Disorders of the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus". In Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, et al. (eds.). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (16th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. pp. 2076–97. ISBN 0-07-139140-1.
^ Bobbert T, Brechtel L, Mai K, et al. (November 2005). "Adaptation of the hypothalamic-pituitary hormones during intensive endurance training". Clinical endocrinology. 63 (5): 530–6. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2005.02377.x. PMID 16268805.

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[MelmedJameson-1] Melmed S, Jameson JL (2005). "Disorders of the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus". In Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, et al. (eds.). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (16th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. pp. 2076–97. ISBN 0-07-139140-1.

[pmid16268805-2] Bobbert T, Brechtel L, Mai K, et al. (November 2005). "Adaptation of the hypothalamic-pituitary hormones during intensive endurance training". Clinical endocrinology. 63 (5): 530–6. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2005.02377.x. PMID 16268805.

[1]

[2]

v t e Physiology of the endocrine system
Regulatory systems	Hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis Hypothalamic–pituitary–somatotropic axis Hypothalamic–pituitary–prolactin axis Hypothalamic–neurohypophyseal system Renin–angiotensin system
Metabolism	Blood sugar regulation Calcium metabolism
Fields	Neuroendocrinology Pediatric endocrinology Psychoneuroendocrinology Reproductive endocrinology and infertility
Other	Wolff–Chaikoff effect/Jod-Basedow effect Plummer effect