Inminban
Inminban (Korean: 인민반; Hanja: 人民班; RR: inmin-ban; MR: inmin-ban; meaning "neighbourhood units" or "people's units") is a Neighbourhood Watch-like form of cooperative local organization in North Korea. No North Korean person exists outside the inminban system: everyone is a member.[1]
History
The inminban network was established by the late 1960s. Every North Korean woman who does not have a full-time job is required to participate in inminban activities, which include cleaning public toilets, tidying up the neighbourhood, manufacturing small items at home, and occasionally going to the countryside to do agricultural work. This made women without jobs nearly as busy as those with jobs, and was said to contribute to high female participation in the North Korea workforce. In the late 60s employed North Korean women received a 700 gram ration of rice daily, where women who participated in inminban instead of having a job received just 300 grams.[2]
Structure
A typical inminban consists of 25-50 families and is defined by residential proximity. For example, an inminban might consist of all families sharing a common staircase in a large apartment building. Each inminban is headed by an official, usually a middle-aged woman, known as inminbanjang (people's unit head). She will ordinarily receive a small stipend for her work from the state, as well as additional food rations.[3]
The inminban system is not formally part of the North Korean security apparatus, but supports it. All inminban members are responsible for monitoring each other for criminal activity or political disobedience. The inminbanjang meets regularly with party authorities, and reports misbehaviour to them. The local district office people’s committee (洞事務所人民委員會) oversees her work and passes down to her Workers' Party of Korea directives.[4][5][6]
Some scholars say that the North Korean economic crisis and subsequent famine of the 1990s has left North Korea unable to compensate functionaries such as inminbanjang, reducing their incentive to help the state maintain social control. Inminbanjang are said to still be an important support to the North Korean security apparatus, but perhaps less motivated and diligent than they used to be.[7]
References
- ^ Hassig, Ralph; Oh, Kongdan (2009). The hidden people of North Korea : everyday life in the hermit kingdom. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 5. ISBN 0742567184.
- ^ Lankov, Andrei (2007). North of the DMZ: essays on daily life in North Korea. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co. pp. 74 and 176. ISBN 0786428392.
- ^ Lankov, Andrei (2007). North of the DMZ: essays on daily life in North Korea. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co. pp. 74 and 174. ISBN 0786428392.
- ^ Katzeff Silberstein, Benjamin (1 January 2010). "North Korea: Fading Totalitarianism in the 'Hermit Kingdom'": 8. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1619270.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Lankov, Andrei (2007). North of the DMZ: essays on daily life in North Korea. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co. pp. 74 and 174. ISBN 0786428392.
- ^ Demick, Barbara (2010). Nothing to envy: ordinary lives in North Korea (Spiegel & Grau trade pbk. ed.). New York: Spiegel & Grau. ISBN 0385523912.
- ^ Katzeff Silberstein, Benjamin (1 January 2010). "North Korea: Fading Totalitarianism in the 'Hermit Kingdom'": 8–9. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1619270.
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