Izium
Izium
Ізюм | |
|---|---|
 Izyum city view from Kremenets Mountain | |
 Flag | |
 Map of Ukraine with Izyum highlighted. | |
| Country Oblast Raion | Ukraine Kharkiv Oblast Iziumskyi Raion |
| founded | 1681 |
| city | 1685 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Valeriy Marchenko (New Faces)[1] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 43.6 km2 (16.8 sq mi) |
| Population (2001) | |
| • Total | 56,100 |
| Postal code | 64300 |
| Area code | 380-5743 |
| Licence plate | АХ |
| Sister cities | Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast |
| Website | Izium city official site |
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Izium (Ukrainian: Ізюм; also Romanized Izum, Izyum; literally raisins), is a city situated on the Donets River in the Kharkiv Oblast (province) of eastern Ukraine. Serving as the administrative center of the Iziumsky Raion (district), the city is located approximately 75 miles (120 km) southeast of the oblast capital, Kharkiv.
History
First mentioned in 1571 in connection with the Izium Warpath of the Crimean Tatars, Izyum was a significant centre of the Sloboda Ukraine and home to a regiment of Cossacks between 1688 and 1765. The delight of the visitor to the town is the five-domed Baroque cathedral of the Saviour's Transfiguration (1684). Its remarkable similarity to the old cathedral of Kharkiv suggests the hand of the same master. The cathedral was renovated in 1902 and restored in 1955. The churches of Ascension (1819–21) and of St. Nicholas (1809–23) rank among the finest Neoclassical buildings in the region.
World War II
During World War II, the Red Army held a large bridgehead here, allowing for a salient that was cut off by counterattacking German forces (during the Second Battle of Kharkov) and eliminated in one of the most expensive learning errors for the Red Army.[2] Izium was occupied by the German Army from 24 June 1942 to 5 February 1943.
2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine
The town was the site of sporadic fighting during the 2014–15 Russian military intervention in Ukraine. In April 2014 Russian separatist forces occupied the city of Sloviansk 30 miles south of Izium. An operation by Ukrainian forces to remove these forces bogged down and checkpoints around the Izium were formed to stop possible intrusion into the city. On June 15 a Ukrainian checkpoint outside the city was attacked by Russian forces. On 19 June 2014 Ukrainian forces defeated a large group of Russian separatists at Yampil, approximately 40 miles southwest of Izium, signaling the furthest north the Russian forces would advance. As part of the Siege of Sloviansk and Battle of Kramatorsk both cities were recaptured by Ukrainian forces. Due to its proximity to the front line the city, along with the Kramatorsk Airfield which the Ukrainian military was able to control through the battles, served as a staging area for Ukrainian troops prior to Sloviansk and Kramatorsk being recaptured.[3][4][5][6]
European route E40 passes through Izium, connecting Luhansk-Sloviansk-Kharkiv, 3 important cities to both pro Russia and Ukrainian forces. Controlling the highway was instrumental as it was the fastest access route into Sloviansk, as well as allowing for possible expansion of separatist territory into Kharkiv region. The Sloviansk-Izium highway was referred to as the "highway of death" by locals during the summer of 2014, however large scale fighting halted once Ukrainian forces captured Sloviansk.[7] Early April 2016 the Security Service of Ukraine arrested an alleged saboteur who was accused of wanting to explode the railway near Izium to aid the separatists.[8]
In order to comply with decommunization laws the local ‘Soviet Square' was renamed ‘John Lennon Square' in February 2016.[9]
Geography
Climate
The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Dfb". (Warm Summer Continental Climate).[10]
| Climate data for Izium (1949–2011) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 13.1 (55.6) |
16.3 (61.3) |
24.0 (75.2) |
31.0 (87.8) |
36.7 (98.1) |
37.4 (99.3) |
39.1 (102.4) |
39.4 (102.9) |
34.4 (93.9) |
31.1 (88.0) |
22.0 (71.6) |
20.0 (68.0) |
39.4 (102.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −2.2 (28.0) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
5.2 (41.4) |
15.1 (59.2) |
22.1 (71.8) |
25.8 (78.4) |
27.9 (82.2) |
27.1 (80.8) |
21.0 (69.8) |
12.9 (55.2) |
5.1 (41.2) |
0.0 (32.0) |
13.2 (55.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.2 (22.6) |
−4.6 (23.7) |
0.8 (33.4) |
9.4 (48.9) |
15.6 (60.1) |
19.4 (66.9) |
21.3 (70.3) |
19.9 (67.8) |
14.2 (57.6) |
7.5 (45.5) |
1.7 (35.1) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
8.1 (46.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −8.5 (16.7) |
−8.3 (17.1) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
3.8 (38.8) |
8.8 (47.8) |
12.8 (55.0) |
14.7 (58.5) |
12.9 (55.2) |
7.7 (45.9) |
2.5 (36.5) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
−5.7 (21.7) |
3.0 (37.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −35.0 (−31.0) |
−36.1 (−33.0) |
−29.7 (−21.5) |
−9.0 (15.8) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
1.1 (34.0) |
3.0 (37.4) |
1.1 (34.0) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
−17.0 (1.4) |
−22.6 (−8.7) |
−33.2 (−27.8) |
−36.1 (−33.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 47.1 (1.85) |
39.0 (1.54) |
41.4 (1.63) |
44.1 (1.74) |
51.8 (2.04) |
75.0 (2.95) |
60.9 (2.40) |
47.6 (1.87) |
50.7 (2.00) |
48.1 (1.89) |
43.1 (1.70) |
52.1 (2.05) |
600.9 (23.66) |
| Average precipitation days | 20.0 | 16.4 | 16.3 | 10.2 | 9.7 | 8.5 | 6.3 | 4.6 | 8.1 | 10.5 | 15.4 | 19.4 | 145.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 84.7 | 81.5 | 76.2 | 65.1 | 64.8 | 66.7 | 67.5 | 64.8 | 72.9 | 80.1 | 84.4 | 85.9 | 74.6 |
| Source: Climatebase.ru[11] | |||||||||||||
Gallery
-
City Hall -
Monument commemorating the battle of Volodymyr Monomakh against Cumans -
Historical building in Izium -
Spartak cinema -
Ascension Church -
Transfiguration Church -
Holy Cross Church -
A holy well in Izium -
Izium railway station
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See also
External links
References
- ^ http://www.sq.com.ua/rus/news/vlast/30.10.2015/izbrany_mery_vosmi_gorodov_harkovskoj_oblasti_oficialnye_dannye/
- ^ The Second World War on the Eastern Front by Lee Baker, Routledge, 2009, ISBN 9781405840637 (page 60)
- ^ "Ukraine – Shooting At Checkpoint Near Izium". United Patriot.
- ^ "Ukraine rebels speak of heavy losses in battle against government troops". Reuters.
- ^ "Fears remain as rebels flee Sloviansk". BBC.
- ^ "Military seize airfield controlled by anti-govt activists in eastern Ukraine". RT.
- ^ "Дорога смерти Изюм – Славянск: как это было". Information Resistance.
- ^ Template:Uk icon In Kharkiv detained a saboteur who planned to blow up the track. Ukrayinska Pravda (6 April 2016)
- ^ Not Back in the USSR! Beatles star John Lennon gets a street named after him in Ukraine, Ukraine Today (2 March 2016)
Poroshenko signed the laws about decomunization. Ukrayinska Pravda. 15 May 2015
Poroshenko signs laws on denouncing Communist, Nazi regimes, Interfax-Ukraine. 15 May 20
Goodbye, Lenin: Ukraine moves to ban communist symbols, BBC News (14 April 2015) - ^ Climate Summary
- ^ "Izmium, Ukraine Climate data (Period supervision: 1949–2011)". Climatebase. Retrieved April 6, 2015.