Jamal al-Haidari: Difference between revisions
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'''Jamal |
'''Jamal Al-Haydari''' ({{lang-ar|جمال الحيدري}}, died 1963) was an [[Iraq]]i [[communist]] politician. He joined the [[Iraqi Communist Party]] in 1946, and became the leader of a rebel communist faction during the 1950s. After rejoining the Communist Party in 1956 he became a prominent leader but was entangled in the internal disputes of the party. In 1963 he was executed by the new [[Ba'ath Party|Baath]]ist regime. |
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==Joining the Communist Party== |
==Joining the Communist Party== |
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In 1946 |
In 1946 Al-Haidari, along with his brother Salih Al-Haydari, was amongst the militants of the [[Kurd]]ish communist group ''[[Shorsh]]'' that joined the Iraqi Communist Party rather than merging into the [[Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iraq|Kurdish Democratic Party]].<ref>Ismael, Tareq Y. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=6uAvs4HqVLIC The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Iraq]''. [[Cambridge]]/[[New York]]: Cambridge University Press, 2008. p. 31</ref> |
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==''Rayat ash-Shaghilah'' period== |
==''Rayat ash-Shaghilah'' period== |
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In 1952, whilst in prison, |
In 1952, whilst in prison, Al-Haydari rebelled against the adoption of a new party programme of the Communist Party. Al-Haydari, along with other critics of the new party leadership, were expelled from the party. In February 1953, after the Communist Party organ al-Qaidah had published a ferocious attack on the expelled dissidents, Al-Haydari's group decided to form a new organization, named after its organ ''[[Rayat ash-Shaghilah]]'' ('Toilers Banner'). Al-Haidari became the main spokesperson of the ''Rayat ash-Shaghilah'' group. Al-Haydari dedicated his energy into combating the Communist Party and its leader, Basim, in particular. Amongst other things, Al-Haydari tried to unsuccessfully to convince the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] to recognize his group over the Iraqi Communist Party.<ref>Ismael, Tareq Y. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=6uAvs4HqVLIC The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Iraq]''. [[Cambridge]]/[[New York]]: Cambridge University Press, 2008. pp. 44-45</ref> |
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==Communist Party Politburo== |
==Communist Party Politburo== |
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In 1956, after shifts in the leadership in the Iraqi Communist Party, |
In 1956, after shifts in the leadership in the Iraqi Communist Party, Al-Haydari's group reunified with the party. Following the merger, Al-Haydari became a [[politburo]] member of the Communist Party.<ref>Ismael, Tareq Y. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=6uAvs4HqVLIC The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Iraq]''. [[Cambridge]]/[[New York]]: Cambridge University Press, 2008. pp. 60, 62-63</ref> Al-Haydari became a close associate of the new general secretary [[Salam Adil]], and together Adil and Al-Haydari constituted one of the two politburo fractions (the other, nicknamed the 'Clique of Foor' was led by [[Baha ud-Din Nuri]]). Towards the late 1950s, the situation in the politburo deteriorated. The 'Clique of Foor' accused Adil and Al-Haydari of spoiling the relations with [[Abd al-Karim Qasim]].<ref>Ismael, Tareq Y. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=6uAvs4HqVLIC The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Iraq]''. [[Cambridge]]/[[New York]]: Cambridge University Press, 2008. pp. 92-93</ref> |
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==Forced into exile== |
==Forced into exile== |
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In 1960, |
In 1960, Al-Haydari was forced into exile. At the time the Communist Party was seeking legal recognition, but the state authorities had instead decided to register a bogus '[[Iraqi Communist Party (1960)|Iraqi Communist Party]]' headed by [[Daud as-Sayegh]]. As-Sayegh had demanded that Adil, Al-Haydari and Amir Abdullah be expelled from the Iraqi Communist Party as a condition for a merger with his party (which would have given the Communist Party legal status). In the end a settlement was reached (with as-Sayegh unofficially bargaining on behalf of the then government), Al-Haydari and Abdullah were relieved of their party duties due to 'health reasons' and exit visas were provided (through as-Sayegh's government contacts) for them to travel to [[Moscow]].<ref name="jml"/> In Moscow they joined Adil, who had already been sent there for medical treatment. Still, the merger between the Communist Party and as-Sayegh's party failed to go through for other reasons.<ref name="jml">Ismael, Tareq Y. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=6uAvs4HqVLIC The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Iraq]''. [[Cambridge]]/[[New York]]: Cambridge University Press, 2008. p. 101</ref> |
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==Back in Iraq, Baathist coup== |
==Back in Iraq, Baathist coup== |
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In September 1962 Adil and |
In September 1962 Adil and Al-Haydari returned to Iraq. Adil again took charge of the party, and formed a new Secretariat with Al-Haydari as the head of the Peasants Bureau of the party.<ref>Ismael, Tareq Y. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=6uAvs4HqVLIC The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Iraq]''. [[Cambridge]]/[[New York]]: Cambridge University Press, 2008. pp. 104-105</ref> |
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With the February 8, 1963, [[Ba'ath Party|Baathist]] coup d'état, a crackdown was launched against the Communist Party. Al- |
With the February 8, 1963, [[Ba'ath Party|Baathist]] coup d'état, a crackdown was launched against the Communist Party. Al-Haydari was able to escape arrest and went underground. Along with Abd ul-Jabbar Wahbi and Salih al-Abli, Al-Haydari established a new 'Central Party Leadership'. On July 20, 1963, Al-Haydari was captured and executed.<ref>Ismael, Tareq Y. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=6uAvs4HqVLIC The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Iraq]''. [[Cambridge]]/[[New York]]: Cambridge University Press, 2008. pp. 107-108</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Persondata |
{{Persondata |
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| NAME = Al- |
| NAME = Al-Haydari, Jamal |
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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Communist politician |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Communist politician |
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| DATE OF BIRTH = |
| DATE OF BIRTH = |
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| PLACE OF BIRTH = |
| PLACE OF BIRTH = ''Erbil'' |
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| DATE OF DEATH = 1963 |
| DATE OF DEATH = 1963 |
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| PLACE OF DEATH = |
| PLACE OF DEATH = |
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}} |
}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Al- |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Al-Haydari, Jamal}} |
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[[Category:Year of birth missing]] |
[[Category:Year of birth missing]] |
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[[Category:1963 deaths]] |
[[Category:1963 deaths]] |
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Revision as of 19:12, 7 October 2013
Jamal Al-Haydari (Arabic: جمال الحيدري, died 1963) was an Iraqi communist politician. He joined the Iraqi Communist Party in 1946, and became the leader of a rebel communist faction during the 1950s. After rejoining the Communist Party in 1956 he became a prominent leader but was entangled in the internal disputes of the party. In 1963 he was executed by the new Baathist regime.
Joining the Communist Party
In 1946 Al-Haidari, along with his brother Salih Al-Haydari, was amongst the militants of the Kurdish communist group Shorsh that joined the Iraqi Communist Party rather than merging into the Kurdish Democratic Party.[1]
Rayat ash-Shaghilah period
In 1952, whilst in prison, Al-Haydari rebelled against the adoption of a new party programme of the Communist Party. Al-Haydari, along with other critics of the new party leadership, were expelled from the party. In February 1953, after the Communist Party organ al-Qaidah had published a ferocious attack on the expelled dissidents, Al-Haydari's group decided to form a new organization, named after its organ Rayat ash-Shaghilah ('Toilers Banner'). Al-Haidari became the main spokesperson of the Rayat ash-Shaghilah group. Al-Haydari dedicated his energy into combating the Communist Party and its leader, Basim, in particular. Amongst other things, Al-Haydari tried to unsuccessfully to convince the Communist Party of the Soviet Union to recognize his group over the Iraqi Communist Party.[2]
Communist Party Politburo
In 1956, after shifts in the leadership in the Iraqi Communist Party, Al-Haydari's group reunified with the party. Following the merger, Al-Haydari became a politburo member of the Communist Party.[3] Al-Haydari became a close associate of the new general secretary Salam Adil, and together Adil and Al-Haydari constituted one of the two politburo fractions (the other, nicknamed the 'Clique of Foor' was led by Baha ud-Din Nuri). Towards the late 1950s, the situation in the politburo deteriorated. The 'Clique of Foor' accused Adil and Al-Haydari of spoiling the relations with Abd al-Karim Qasim.[4]
Forced into exile
In 1960, Al-Haydari was forced into exile. At the time the Communist Party was seeking legal recognition, but the state authorities had instead decided to register a bogus 'Iraqi Communist Party' headed by Daud as-Sayegh. As-Sayegh had demanded that Adil, Al-Haydari and Amir Abdullah be expelled from the Iraqi Communist Party as a condition for a merger with his party (which would have given the Communist Party legal status). In the end a settlement was reached (with as-Sayegh unofficially bargaining on behalf of the then government), Al-Haydari and Abdullah were relieved of their party duties due to 'health reasons' and exit visas were provided (through as-Sayegh's government contacts) for them to travel to Moscow.[5] In Moscow they joined Adil, who had already been sent there for medical treatment. Still, the merger between the Communist Party and as-Sayegh's party failed to go through for other reasons.[5]
Back in Iraq, Baathist coup
In September 1962 Adil and Al-Haydari returned to Iraq. Adil again took charge of the party, and formed a new Secretariat with Al-Haydari as the head of the Peasants Bureau of the party.[6]
With the February 8, 1963, Baathist coup d'état, a crackdown was launched against the Communist Party. Al-Haydari was able to escape arrest and went underground. Along with Abd ul-Jabbar Wahbi and Salih al-Abli, Al-Haydari established a new 'Central Party Leadership'. On July 20, 1963, Al-Haydari was captured and executed.[7]
References
- ^ Ismael, Tareq Y. The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Iraq. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. p. 31
- ^ Ismael, Tareq Y. The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Iraq. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. pp. 44-45
- ^ Ismael, Tareq Y. The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Iraq. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. pp. 60, 62-63
- ^ Ismael, Tareq Y. The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Iraq. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. pp. 92-93
- ^ a b Ismael, Tareq Y. The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Iraq. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. p. 101
- ^ Ismael, Tareq Y. The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Iraq. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. pp. 104-105
- ^ Ismael, Tareq Y. The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Iraq. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. pp. 107-108