James Terry Roach
James Terry Roach | |
|---|---|
| Born | February 18, 1960 |
| Died | January 10, 1986 (aged 25) Central Correction Institute, Columbia, South Carolina |
| Criminal status | Executed by electric chair |
| Conviction(s) | One count of rape, Two counts of murder |
| Criminal penalty | Death (December 16, 1977) |
James Terry Roach (February 18, 1960 – January 10, 1986) was the second person to be executed by the state of South Carolina following the 1976 decision by the U.S. Supreme Court reauthorizing the use of capital punishment by the states. He was electrocuted on January 10, 1986, nearly a year to the day following the electrocution of his accomplice, Joseph Carl Shaw on January 11, 1985, at the Central Correctional Institution in Columbia. He was executed at the age of 25 for a crime committed when he was 17 years old.
He was convicted of the rape and murder of a fourteen-year-old girl and the murder of her seventeen-year-old boyfriend. Evidence presented at the trial showed that Roach was mentally challenged, with an I.Q. between 75 and 80 and that he was probably suffering from Huntington's Chorea. Moreover, the sentencing judge found that Roach was under the influence of Shaw when the crimes were committed. Despite these mitigating factors, the sentencing judge declared that the death penalty was warranted in this case.
The sentence was upheld on appeal by the South Carolina Supreme Court. Several attempts to seek review of the case or to bring a petition of habeas corpus were unsuccessful. The US Supreme Court declined to grant him certiorari.
Pleas for legal reconsideration came from the United Nations,[1] international figures, and former president Jimmy Carter. Governor Richard Riley denied clemency.[2]
On 10 January 1986, Roach, age 25, was strapped into the electric chair and gave his last words: "To my family and friends, there is only three words to say: I love you." He then gave a thumbs-up sign, reportedly to signal he was ready to die.[3]
The case of James Terry Roach was brought before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, which found by five votes to one that the United States Government had violated Article I (Right to Life) and Article II (right to equality before the law) of the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man in executing James Terry Roach. This was the first time that the United States was found to be in violation with its human rights obligations under the said Declaration.[4][5]
General references
- ^ Capital punishment for minors was at the time prohibited under the ICCPR (U.S. signed 1977, ratified 1992) and American Convention on Human Rights (U.S. signed 1977, never ratified)
- ^ "Court Clears Execution Of South Carolina Man". The New York Times. AP. 1986-01-10. Retrieved 2007-11-12.
- ^ Phillips, Robert Anthony (2000-01-12). "Those Who Died for Juvenile Crimes". APBnews.com. Archived from the original on 2002-02-09.
- ^
"United States 9647", OAS – Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, 87, vol. 3, no. 9647, 1987-09-22, retrieved 2010-07-20
{{citation}}: Unknown parameter|docket=ignored (help) - ^ Shelton, Dinah, ed. (1987). "Note— Decision by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights". Human Rights Law Journal (8): 345–361.
- U.S. Executions Since 1976, at The Office of the Clark County Prosecuting Attorney . Retrieved on 2007-11-12.
- James Terry Roach, on Murderpedia. Retrieved on 2017-01-14.
- Shuler, Rita Y (2006-08-01). Carolina Crimes: Case Files of a Forensic Photographer. The History Press. ISBN 9781596291669. Retrieved 2018-01-14.
- Roach v. Martin, 757 F.2d 1463 (4th Cir. 1985-03-20).
See also
- Roper v Simmons, 2005 U.S. Supreme Court ruling that the execution of those under 18 (at the time of committing the capital crime) is Unconstitutional.
- Thompson v Oklahoma: 1988 U.S. Supreme Court ruling that the execution of those who committed their crime when 16 is Unconstitutional.
- Capital punishment for juveniles in the United States
- List of individuals executed in South Carolina
- Capital punishment in South Carolina
- Capital punishment in the United States
- 1986 deaths
- Minors convicted of murder
- American people convicted of murder
- People executed for murder
- People from Columbia, South Carolina
- 20th-century executions by South Carolina
- People executed by South Carolina by electric chair
- 20th-century executions of American people
- People convicted of murder by South Carolina
- Juvenile offenders executed by the United States
- 1960 births