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John Elder (pastor)

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For other people named John Elder, see John Elder (disambiguation).
John Elder
Born(1706-01-26)January 26, 1706
Edinburgh, Scotland
DiedJuly 17, 1792(1792-07-17) (aged 86)
Paxton Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania
Spouses
  • Mary Baker (b. 1715, m. 1740, d. 1749)
  • Mary Simpson (b. 1732, m. 1751, d. 1786)
Children3,10
ReligionPresbyterian (Old-Side)
OrdainedDecember 22, 1738
Congregations served
  • Paxtang (1738–92)
  • Derry (1775–92)
  • Harrisburg (1787–92)[1]
TitleReverend

The Reverend John Elder (January 26, 1706 – July 17, 1792[2]), known as the "Fighting Pastor", was the pastor for the Paxtang congregation, located in present-day Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, near Harrisburg. He founded the Paxton Boys for local self-defense during the French and Indian War, but after the war they engaged in further killings of Indians.

Biography and career

Elder was born in Edinburgh, the son of Robert and Eleanor Elder. He was raised and educated there, receiving a classical education at the University of Edinburgh and then he studied divinity, receiving a license to preach the gospel in 1732. His father had emigrated to central Pennsylvania c. 1730, Elder followed c. 1735.[3] A ministry opened when the Derry congregation split in two, and Elder was called and ordained by the Paxtang congregation.

The First Great Awakening had reached the area shortly afterwards. Elder opposed the revivalist furore. He was accused and formally cleared of heresy. He stood firmly with the "Old Side" in the resulting split amongst Presbyterian churches, which lasted about twenty years.[4]

The French and Indian War led to conflict with local Indians. Elder organized a local militia known as the Paxton Boys. He and most male congregants brought their rifles to church. After the war was over, Elder was commissioned as a colonel. Killings of Indians continued, culminating in the "Conestoga Massacre". Elder condoned the killings, refused to identify suspects, and was relieved of his command.[5][6]

During the Revolution, he used his pulpit to round up volunteers, including two of his sons.[7]

In his personal life, he married twice. He had 4 children by his first wife, and 11 children by his second wife, of whom 10 survived to adulthood. His son Thomas would become a prominent Harrisburg lawyer and businessman.

Notes

  1. ^ Egle 1890, p. 28.
  2. ^ Egle 1886, p. 152.
  3. ^ Egle 1886, pp. 151–52.
  4. ^ Egle 1890, pp. 18–25.
  5. ^ Brubaker 2010, pp. 53, 133.
  6. ^ Egle 1886, p. 153.
  7. ^ Egle 1886, p. 154.

Further reading

  • Brubaker, Jack (2010). Massacre of the Conestogas: On the Trail of the Paxton Boys in Lancaster County. Charleston, SC: History Press. ISBN 978-1-60949-061-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Egle, William Henry (1886). Pennsylvania Genealogies: Scotch-Irish and German. Harrisburg: L. S. Hart. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Egle, William Henry (1890). Glimpses of the history of old Paxtang Church. Harrisburg Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Sipe, C. Hale (1929). The Indian wars of Pennsylvania. Harrisburg: Telegraph Press. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Wallace, Paul A. W. (1981). Indians in Pennsylvania (2nd ed.). Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. ISBN 0-89271-018-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • John Elder at find a grave memorial
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