Jur River
| Jur | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| Location | |
| Country | South Sudan |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • elevation | unknown height |
| Mouth | |
• location | Bahr el Ghazal River |
| Length | 485 km (301 mi) |
| Discharge | |
| • average | maximum 14,300 cubic feet per second (400 m3/s) in September |
The Jur River (also Sue River) is a river in western South Sudan, flowing through the Bahr el Ghazal and Equatoria regions. About 485 kilometres (301 mi) long, it flows north and northeast, joining the Bahr el Ghazal River on the western side of the Sudd wetlands. The Jur River is part of the Nile basin, as the Bahr al-Ghazal flows into the White Nile.
The Jur is a seasonal stream. Its discharge can reach 400 m3/s (14,300 cu ft/s) in September.[1]
The upper course of the Jur is also called the Sue.[2]
Course
The Jur River's headwaters flow from the Congo-Nile Divide, which separates the Nile and Congo River basins, along South Sudan's border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Central African Republic. The main tributaries being the Sue River (itself sometimes called the Jur), Busseri River, Wau River, and Numatinna River. The spelling and precise meaning of these river names differ among sources. The tributaries come together near Wau, the capital of the state of Western Bahr el Ghazal.
Below Wau the Jur River bends eastward, entering the swampy Sudd region. Due to the nature of the wetlands it is not always clear whether one river flows into another or merely merges in the general Sudd swamps. Some sources cite the Lol River as a tributary of the Jur while others do not. Some sources say the Jur joins the Bahr al-Arab and the confluence marks the start of the Bahr el Ghazal, but more recent sources say that the Jur joins the Bahr el Ghazal at Lake Ambadi and that the Bahr al-Arab joins the Bahr el Ghazal some distance downriver from Lake Ambadi.
According to author Mamdouh Shahin, the Lol, Jur, Tonj, Bahr al-Arab, and others streams, are all tributaries of the Bahr el Ghazal, but that their channels disappear in the wetlands before reaching any outlet.[3]
History
Among the ethnic groups living in the Jur basin are the Dinka, and Jurchol who call themselves Jo-luo . "Jur" is a Dinka word for "alien" or "non-Dinka".[4]
The Jur River was explored by John Petherick between 1853 and 1865. In 1897–98 the Jur River was carefully surveyed throughout its course by Lieutenant A.H. Dyé and other members of a French mission under Jean-Baptiste Marchand during the Scramble for Africa.[5][6]
See also
References
- ^ Hughes, R.H.; J.S. Hughes (1992). A Directory of African Wetlands. The World Conservation Union (IUCN). p. 233. ISBN 2-88032-949-3.; online at Google Books
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh (1910). "Bahr-el-Ghazal". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. vol. III (Eleventh ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. pp. 212–213.
{{cite encyclopedia}}:|volume=has extra text (help); online at Google Books - ^ Course info from: Collins, Robert O. (2002). The Nile. Yale University Press. p. 58. ISBN 0-300-09764-6.; online at Google Books; and Shahin, Mamdouh (2002). Hydrology and Water Resources of Africa. Springer. p. 276. ISBN 1-4020-0866-X.; online at Google Books; and Chisholm, Hugh (1910). "Bahr-el-Ghazal". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. vol. III (Eleventh ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. pp. 212–213.
{{cite encyclopedia}}:|volume=has extra text (help); online at Google Books - ^ Beswick, Stephanie (2004). Sudan's Blood Memory: The Legacy of War, Ethnicity, and Slavery in South Sudan. Boydell & Brewer. p. 245. ISBN 1-58046-151-4.; online at Google Books
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh (1910). "Bahr-el-Ghazal". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. vol. III (Eleventh ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. p. 213.
{{cite encyclopedia}}:|volume=has extra text (help); online at Google Books - ^ Collins, Robert O. (2002). The Nile. Yale University Press. p. 58. ISBN 0-300-09764-6.; online at Google Books