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KOIN Tower

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KOIN Center
KOIN Tower is located in Portland, Oregon
KOIN Tower
Location within Portland, Oregon
Alternative namesKOIN Tower
King Kong Building
General information
TypeCommercial offices
Residential condominium
Location222 SW Columbia Street
Portland, Oregon
Completed1984
CostUS$48 million
OwnerScanlanKemperBard
Height
Roof155.15 m (509.0 ft)
Technical details
Floor count35
Lifts/elevators9
Design and construction
Architect(s)Zimmer Gunsul Frasca Partnership
References
[1][2][3]

KOIN Center is a 155.15 m (509.0 ft), 35-story, skyscraper in Portland, Oregon, USA. The building, the third tallest in the city,[4] was designed by the firm of Zimmer Gunsul Frasca Partnership and opened in 1984 at a cost of US$48 million.

History

The building was originally named Fountain Plaza, but it quickly came to be known as the KOIN Center, or KOIN Tower, reflecting the name of its highest-profile occupant, KOIN television, the CBS affiliate in Portland. The building was controversial while being constructed because its location blocked the view of Mount Hood that had long been seen by drivers emerging from the Vista Ridge Tunnel under Portland's West Hills going eastbound on U.S. Route 26.[5]

The KOIN Center was the first building completed in a projected three-block development sponsored by the Portland Development Commission (PDC) that also included the city blocks immediately to the north and east.[6] The latter was the long-time location of the KOIN broadcast studios and offices, which relocated to the KOIN Center upon its completion. Of the additional projected buildings, only the Essex House apartments, occupying half of the northern block facing SW Third Avenue were completed, in 1992. A 15-story office building on the eastern block, 100 Columbia, was proposed but construction never commenced. This building has now been cancelled.[7]

The PDC had a number of goals in sponsoring the Fountain Plaza project. One was to provide a link between the government and central business core of downtown and the nearly completed South Auditorium redevelopment district immediately to the south.[8] This redevelopment project, initiated in 1960, had been the first for the PDC and, though controversial at the time, has been considered by some to be one of the nation's few successful such projects from that era.[5][9] Reflecting that goal, the southwest entrance to the KOIN Center faces its own street-corner plaza diagonally across the intersection from the Ira C. Keller Fountain, making a visual and pedestrian connection that important public space. The Keller Fountain, built in 1970 and originally named the Forecourt Fountain in reference to the adjacent Municipal (now Keller) Auditorium, was described by New York Times architecture critic Ada Louise Huxtable as maybe "one of the most important urban spaces since the Renaissance."[5][10] It is this fountain that gave the name to the KOIN Center project. A second goal of the PDC in proposing this mixed-use building was to promote the type of condominium apartment living common in the central business districts of large cities such as New York and Chicago but not in Portland at the time.[6]

The firm of Olympia & York of Oregon, a joint venture of Olympia & York Properties of Toronto and Arnon Development, both Canadian-owned, won the PDC competition for the Fountain Plaza project and completed the building in 1984. Between 1992 and 1995, the real estate holdings of Olympia & York of Toronto were auctioned off in bankruptcy court, with the KOIN Center going to an ownership group headed by the Louis Dreyfus Property Group (LDPG) in 1993.[1][6] The LDPG owned the building until it was sold on July 3, 2007 to a group of California investors for US$109 million,[11] a purchase that included the two remaining building sites for potential high-rise office and residential development.[1] In August 2009, these investors, including the California Public Employees' Retirement System (CalPERS) and CommonWealth partners, surrendered control of the KOIN Center after defaulting on their mortgage of US$70 million from the New York Life Insurance Company.[12] The condos on the upper floors are owned separately and were unaffected by the default.[12]

In December 2009, Portland-based American Pacific International Capital purchased the office portion of the building for between $50 and $60 million, approximately half the US$109 million paid by CalPERS in 2007.[6][13] ScanlanKemperBard Companies bought the office tower for $88 million in January 2015 with plans for some improvements to the lobby and remodeling of some vacant suites.[14]

Design

The center from below

The KOIN Center occupies an entire city block and is clad in orange brick and trimmed with white limestone at the base; the sloping roof forming the pyramidal crown is prefinished galvanized steel.[8] The ziggurat-like profile and blue crown sets it apart from most of the other buildings in the downtown Portland area and gives it an instantly recognizable appearance, "one of the most important things a downtown skyscraper can accomplish."[5] The step backs in its footprint with increasing height and its multi-faceted form are reminiscent of the Art Deco skyscrapers of the 1920s,[8] leading some commentators to describe its architecture as Neo-Art Deco.[15] In addition to the KOIN broadcast studios and offices below grade, the building has three principal functional programs, each with its own entrance and distinctive facade—commercial/office on SW Columbia Street, retail and former theater space on the southwest corner, and residential condominiums on SW Third Avenue. In addition, a restaurant space has its own entrance on SW Clay Street. Thus, the building relates to its surroundings in several distinct ways. Of these, most important is the southwest corner as an extension of the public space represented by the Keller Fountain and adjacent Keller Auditorium. A feature unique in Portland, and resulting from the multi-block nature of the original project, is the location of the entrance to the underground parking and loading docks on the adjacent block to the east.[6] This spares any of the four street frontages from accommodating a parking entrance or loading dock, a distinct design advantage for a building on one of the small 200 by 200 ft (61 by 61 m) blocks typical of downtown Portland.

Tenants

As discussed above, there are four distinct uses for the KOIN Center, all hosted in separate parts of the building. The first three floors house mixed retail and office space. The ground-floor restaurant space, originally occupied by a branch of the Seattle-based Thirteen Coins,[6] is now the location of a Morton's The Steakhouse. Floors 4 through 19 are office space, with tenants including Skanska USA Building, First American Title Insurance, Aetna health and dental insurance, ECONorthwest, Helmy Law Firm PC, Evanta, Robert Half International, Schnitzer Steel, and others. The Fountain Plaza Condominiums occupy Floors 20 through 31.[12] The studios and production facilities of KOIN, Portland's CBS affiliate, occupy the basement and a portion of the ground floor. The blue spire crowning the building houses the equipment used for broadcasting radio and television signals. The building previously housed the six-screen KOIN Center Cinema, which closed in 2004 after 19 years in operation.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c KOIN Tower at Emporis
  2. ^ "KOIN Tower". SkyscraperPage.
  3. ^ KOIN Tower at Structurae
  4. ^ "Designs as varied as uses of city's newer buildings". The Oregonian. 19 February 1990.
  5. ^ a b c d King, Bart (2007). An Architectural Guidebook to Portland (2nd ed.). Corvallis: Oregon State University Press. p. 106. ISBN 0870711911.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Grant, Eugene L. (May 2010). "KOIN Center History: The Paul Principle" (PDF). PSU Center for Real Estate Quarterly & Urban Development Journal. 4 (2nd Quarter): 43–52. Retrieved 11 February 2011. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  7. ^ "100 Columbia". Emporis. Retrieved 23 February 2011.
  8. ^ a b c Schmertz, Mildred F. (1995). Zimmer Gunsul Frasca: Building Community. Rockport, MA: Rockport Publishing. ISBN 1-56496-197-4.
  9. ^ O'Donnell, Terence and Vaughn, Thomas (1976). Portland: a Historical Sketch and Guide. Portland: Oregon Historical Society.
  10. ^ Huxtable, Ada Louise (June 21, 1970). "Coast Fountain Melds Art and Environment". The New York Times. p. 53. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
  11. ^ "Calif. group buys KOIN Center". The Oregonian. July 4, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-04.
  12. ^ a b c Anderson, Mark (August 19, 2009). "Report: CalPERS gives up KOIN Center". The Portland Business Journal. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
  13. ^ "APIC Website". Retrieved 11 February 2011.
  14. ^ Njus, Elliot (January 23, 2015). "Portland real estate firm ScanlanKemperBard Cos. buys KOIN Center". The Oregonian. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
  15. ^ Ritz, Richard E. (1991). An Architect Looks at Downtown Portland. Portland: The Greenhill Press. ISBN 0-9629661-1-8.
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