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The Kilmaluag Formation is a Middle Jurassicgeologic formation in Scotland. It was formerly known as the Ostracod Limestone for the abundance of fossil freshwater ostracods within it. The Kilmaluag Formation is very fossiliferous, with ostracods, gastropods, bivalves and vertebrate fossil remains. Vertebrate fossils include fish, crocodiles, mammals, lizards and some large reptile remains including dinosaurs.
The Kilmaluag Formation is Bathonian,and dates to around 167 million years old. It is part of the Great Estuarine Group of the Hebrides Basin, a series of sediments laid down when the Scottish Hebrides was part of a warm shallow sea running between what is now mainland Scotland the Outer Hebrides.[1]
The Kilmaluag Formation is composed of dolomitised limestones, fine grain sandstones, and mudstones, indicating that it alternated between a shallow environment, and lagoonalmudflats as the basin subsided and rose, causing sea levels to fluctuate.[2] These mudflats sometimes dried out to form desiccation cracks. The Kilmaluag is unusual among the Estuarine Group for the freshwater environment it preserves - whereas many other Formations in this group are predominantly brackish to marine in nature.[1] In many beds you can find freshwater gastropods and bivalves including Viviparus and Unio, and freshwater ostracods such as Darwinula.[2][1]
Many vertebrate fossils are found in the Kilmaluag, and it has been explored by palaeontologists since the 1970s, when the first mammal fossil was found there by Michael Waldman. He returned with fellow palaeontologist Robert Savage and they collected more fossils and named two new species from the area: the DocodontBorealestes serendipitus, and the tritylodontid,
Stereognathus hebridicus[3] (although S. hebridicus is now thought to be a junior synonym to S. ooliticus)[4]. Many other fossils are found in the Kilmaluag, including members of other Mesozoic mammal groups, turtles, reptiles, and amphibians[5]. The most recent discoveries in the Kilmaluag Formation include Palaeoxonodon ooliticus[6] and Wareolestes rex.[7] and the tooth of a sauropod dinosaur.[8]
^ abcAndrews, J. E. 1985 The sedimentary facies of a late Bathonian regressive episode: the Kilmaluag and Skudiburgh Formations of the Great Estuarine Group, Inner Hebrides, Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society of London, 142, 1119-37.
^ abBarron, A. J. M., Lott, G. K. and Riding, J. B. 2012 Stratigraphical framework for the Middle Jurassic strata of Great Britain and the adjoining continental shelf. British Geological Survey Research Report, RR/11/06. British Geological Survey, Keyworth
^Waldman, M and Savage, R.J.G 1972 The first Jurassic mammal from Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society of London 128:119-125
^ abPanciroli, Elsa; Walsh, Stig; Fraser, Nicholas C.; Brusatte, Stephen L.; Corfe, Ian (2017-09-03). "A reassessment of the postcanine dentition and systematics of the tritylodontid Stereognathus (Cynodontia, Tritylodontidae, Mammaliamorpha), from the Middle Jurassic of the United Kingdom". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 37 (5): e1351448. doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1351448. hdl:10138/230155. ISSN0272-4634.
^ abcdefghi Evans, S., Barrett, P., Hilton, J., Butler R.J., Jones, M.E.H., Liang, M-.M., Parrish, J.C., Rayfield, E.J., Sigogneau-Russell, D., and Underwood, C.J. 2005. The Middle Jurassic vertebrate assemblage of Skye, Scotland. 36-39. In P. Barrett and S. Evans (eds). Proceedings of the Ninth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota. Natural History Museum, London.
^ abClose, Roger A.; Davis, Brian M.; Walsh, Stig; Wolniewicz, Andrzej S.; Friedman, Matt; Benson, Roger B. J. (2015-11-13). "A lower jaw of Palaeoxonodon from the Middle Jurassic of the Isle of Skye, Scotland, sheds new light on the diversity of British stem therians". Palaeontology. 59 (1): 155–169. doi:10.1111/pala.12218. ISSN0031-0239.
^ abPanciroli, Elsa; Benson, Roger B. J.; Walsh, Stig (2017-05-04). "The dentary of Wareolestes rex
(Megazostrodontidae): a new specimen from Scotland and implications for morganucodontan tooth replacement". Papers in Palaeontology. 3 (3): 373–386. doi:10.1002/spp2.1079. ISSN2056-2802. {{cite journal}}: line feed character in |title= at position 31 (help)
^Waldman, M.; Evans, S. E. (1994). "Lepidosauromorph reptiles from the Middle Jurassic of Skye". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 112: 135–150. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1994.tb00315.x.
^WALDMAN, MICHAEL; SAVAGE, ROBERT JOSEPH GAY (1972-03). "The first Jurassic mammal from Scotland". Journal of the Geological Society. 128 (2): 119–125. doi:10.1144/gsjgs.128.2.0119. ISSN0016-7649. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^Panciroli, Elsa; Schultz, Julia A.; Luo, Zhe-Xi (2018-08-31). "Morphology of the petrosal and stapes of Borealestes
(Mammaliaformes, Docodonta) from the Middle Jurassic of Skye, Scotland". Papers in Palaeontology. doi:10.1002/spp2.1233. ISSN2056-2802. {{cite journal}}: line feed character in |title= at position 53 (help)
