Kirkstead
Kirkstead is an ancient village and former parish on the River Witham in Lincolnshire, England.[1][2] It was amalgamated with the civil parish of Woodhall Spa (where the population is included) in 1987.
History
Kirkstead has its origins in a Cistercian monastery, Kirkstead Abbey (the name Kirkstead means "the site of a church" ) founded in 1139 by Hugh Brito, lord of Tattershall and originally colonised by an abbot and twelve monks from Fountains Abbey in Yorkshire. It was around this abbey that the little settlement of Kirkstead grew. The abbey remained in existence until 1537, when it was dissolved and Richard Harrison (the last Abbot) and three of his monks were executed by King Henry VIII following their implication (probably unjustly) in the Lincolnshire Rising of the previous year.
The abbey and manor of Kirkstead passed to the Duke of Suffolk, Henry VIII's brother-in-law, and later to the Clintons, Earls of Lincoln, who built a large country house. By 1791 that too had gone, and all that remains today is a dramatic crag of masonry - a fragment of the south transept wall of the abbey church and the earthworks of the vast complex of buildings that once surrounded it.
The church of St Leonard's Without, thus named as it was outside the gates of the abbey, stands in a field by the side of the ruins of the abbey. Built between 1230 and 1240 it is an excellent example of the Early English style. Measuring only 12.8 metres (42 ft) by 5.8 metres (19 ft) it is up to "Cathedral standards" and may well have been built as a chantry chapel in memory of Robert de Tattershall who died in 1212. After many centuries use as a church, it closed in 1877, when a Presbyterian congregation was evicted, and from 1883 "The Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings" fought to save it from total decay. Eventually during 1913 and 1914 it was restored by the architect Weir.
Kirkstead remained an isolated hamlet, but the area by the River Witham, 'Kirkstead Wharfs' developed as a locally important trading point on the canal system for goods being imported and exported in the local area, including coal.
With the opening in 1848 of the Lincoln to Boston line of the London and York Railway, a station was built here which was the nearest station to the increasingly fashionable spa town of Woodhall Spa, 2 km (1.2 mi) away. The resulting carriage trade, carrying the gentry to and from the spa, lasted until 1855 when a branch line opened from Kirkstead Station, (which then became known as Woodhall Junction) to Woodhall Spa and Horncastle. Woodhall Spa and Horncastle stations were closed to passengers in 1954, and Woodhall Junction closed with the closure of its railway line in 1970.
The arrival of the railways greatly decreased the isolation of Kirkstead and the surrounding area. Kirkstead Wharfs was absorbed by the encroaching civil parish of Woodhall Spa in 1894, and the rest was incorporated into it in 1987, so that Kirkstead is now the western part of Woodhall Spa between the village centre and the River Witham.
The Kirkstead Bridge is a concrete arch bridge spanning the River Witham at Kirkstead in Woodhall Spa. It carries the B1191 as it runs from Horncastle to the A15 road just north of Dunsby St Andrew and was finished and opened in 1968. The bridge replaced an existing swing bridge alongside it, which had itself replaced a ferry which operated until the early 20th century.
See also
References
- ^ Ordnance Survey: Landranger map sheet 122 Skegness & Horncastle (Map). Ordnance Survey. 2013. ISBN 9780319229392.
- ^ "A Vision of Britain Through Time: Kirkstead". www.visionofbritain.co.uk. GB Historical GIS/University of Portsmouth. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
External links
Media related to Kirkstead at Wikimedia Commons