Ksani fortress
ქსნის ციხე | |
.jpg) Ksani fortress | |
 | |
| 41°52′33″N 44°34′41″E / 41.875847°N 44.578026°E | |
| Location | Tsikhisdziri, Mtskheta Municipality Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Georgia |
|---|---|
| Type | Fortress |
The Ksani fortress (Georgian: ქსნის ციხე, romanized: ksnis tsikhe), also known as the Mtkvari fortress (მტკვრის ციხე, mt'k'vris tsikhe), is a fortress in eastern Georgia, strategically perched on a mount overlooking the confluence of the Ksani river with the Mtkvari (Kura) in the historical district of Mukhrani, now part of the Mtskheta Municipality. It was built by Bagrat I, Prince of Mukhrani, in 1512 and reconstructed by his descendant in 1746. The fortress is inscribed on the list of Georgia's Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance.[1]
Location and layout
The Ksani fortress tops a 600-meter-high Mount Sarkineti on the left bank of the Ksani in the vicinity of the village of Tsikhisdziri, Mtskheta Municipality, in the Mtskheta-Mtianeti region. The fortress is strategically located, overlooking the confluecne of the Ksani and Mtkvari. Accessible only from the southwest, it offers a view of both river valleys, and due to its commanding position, is visible from Georgia's main east–west highway.[2]
The extant fortress is irregular polygonal in plan. The original building is built of cobble stone; mixed stone and brick lines are the result of the 18th-century reconstruction. The walls are fortified with bastions and towers of different size and shape and crowned with crenellated parapets. They are equipped with embrasures and roundels. In the courtyard there are a pond and a wine-cellar. Water used to be supplied by an aqueduct which continued along the mountain ridge for several kilometres.[2]
History
.jpg)
The fortress is known from early modern historical records under the name of Mtkvari (archaically, Mtkuri) or Mtveri, but it is popularly and commonly known as Ksani. It was built by Prince Bagrat, who scrounged from his elder brother, King David X of Kartli, the district of Mukhrani and carved himself out a principality. The fortress immediately became a target of the neighboring Georgian ruler George II of Kakheti, who laid a siege to Ksani. According to one account, after a three-month-long standoff, George mockingly sent fresh wine to Bagrat, thinking the defenders were starving. When, in return, he received a live salmon from the castle pond, George concluded that the siege was futile and withdrew.[2][3] The conflict endured and in 1513 Bagrat succeeded in seizing George and making him prisoner at the Ksani fortress. The fortress remained in possession of the house of Mukhrani, founded by Bagrat, but gradually fell to ruin. In 1746, Constantine III, Prince of Mukhrani, rebuilt it and placed a commemorative inscription above the gate.[2]
References
- ^ "List of Immovable Cultural Monuments" (PDF) (in Georgian). National Agency for Cultural Heritage Preservation of Georgia. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
- ^ a b c d Gamkrelidze, Gela; Mindorashvili, Davit; Bragvadze, Zurab; Kvatsadze, Marine, eds. (2013). "Mtkuri fortress [მტკურის ციხე]". ქართლის ცხოვრების ტოპოარქეოლოგიური ლექსიკონი [Topoarchaeological dictionary of Kartlis tskhovreba (The history of Georgia)] (PDF) (in Georgian). Tbilisi: Georgian National Museum. pp. 343–344. ISBN 978-9941-15-896-4.
- ^ Rayfield, Donald (2015). "Bagrat (I) Muxranbatoni". In Thomas, David; Chesworth, John A. (eds.). Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History. Volume 7: Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and South America (1500–1600). Brill. p. 656. ISBN 9789004298484.