Kut
Kūt (كوت; also known as Kut-Al-Imara and Kut El Amara) is a city in eastern Iraq, on the left bank of the Tigris River, about 100 miles south east of Baghdad, at 32.50°N, 45.82°E. As of 2003 the estimated population is about 400,000 people. It is the capital of the province long known as Al Kut, but since the 1960s renamed Wasit.
The old town of Kut is within a sharp "U" bend of the river, almost making it an island but for a narrow connection to the shore. For centuries Kut was a regional center of the carpet trade. The area around Kut is a fertile cereal grain growing region. The Baghdad Nuclear Research Facility, looted following the 2003 invasion of Iraq, is located near Kut.
Kut in World War I
Kut was the scene of fierce battle during World War I. The British Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force, led by General Townshend, marched north from Basra in September of 1915.
They reached Kut on September 26 where after three days of fighting they drove the Ottoman forces from the town. After a halt of nearly 2 months, Townshend then headed up river to Ctesiphon.
Following the battle, the British forces withdrew back to Kut. On December 7, 1915 the Turks under their commander Baron von der Goltz arrived at Kut and began a siege.
The British cavalry under Colonel Gerard Leachman succeeded in breaking out, but Townshend and the bulk of the force remained besieged. Many significant attempts were made to relieve Townshend's forces, but all were defeated. Some 23,000 British and Indian soldiers died in the attempts to retake Kut, probably the worst loss of life for the British away from the European theater. Near the end of the siege, T.E. Lawrence and Aubrey Herbert of British Intelligence unsuccessfully attempted to bribe Khalil Pasha to allow the troops to escape.
Townshend with some 8,000 surviving soldiers finally surrendered Kut on April 29, 1916. The captured soldiers were impressed into slave labour until the surrender of the Ottoman Empire, more than half of them died. The British went back on the offensive in December of 1916 with a larger and better supplied force under General Sir Frederick Stanley Maude and reconquered Kut on February 23, 1917.
See also
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