Puzur-Inshushinak
Kutik-Inshushinak (also known as Puzur-Inshushinak) was king of Elam around 2100 BC,[1] and the last from the Awan dynasty according to the Susa kinglist.[2]
His father was Shinpi-khish-khuk, the crown prince, and most likely a brother of king Khita. Kutik-Inshushinak's first position was as governor of Susa, which he may have held from a young age. About 2110 BC, his father died, and he became crown prince in his stead.
Elam had been under the domination of Akkad since the time of Sargon, and Kutik-Inshushinak accordingly campaigned in the Zagros mountains on their behalf. He was greatly successful as his conquests seem to have gone beyond the initial mission.
In 2090 BC, he asserted his independence from Akkad, which had been weakening ever since the death of Naram-Sin, thus making himself king of Elam. He conquered Anshan and managed to unite most of Elam into one kingdom. He built extensively on the citadel at Susa, and encouraged the use of the Linear Elamite script to write the Elamite language. This may be seen as a reaction against Sargon's attempt to force the use of Akkadian. Most inscriptions in Linear Elamite date from the reign of Kutik-Inshushinak.
His achievements were not long-lasting, for after his death the linear script fell into disuse, and Susa was overrun by the Third dynasty of Ur, while Elam fell under control of Simashki dynasty (also Elamite origin).[3]
It is now known that his reign in Elam overlapped with that of Ur-Nammu of Ur-III,[4] although the previous lengthy estimates of the duration of the intervening Gutian dynasty and rule of Utu-hengal of Uruk had not allowed for that synchronism.
References
- ^ or from about 2240 to 2220 BC according to the (long chronology)
- ^ Daniel T. Potts (1999). The Archaeology of Elam. Cambridge University Press. p. 122.
- ^ Encyclopedia Iranica: Elam - Simashki dynasty, F. Vallat
- ^ Wilcke; See Encyclopedia Iranica articles AWAN, ELAM