Later Shu

Hòu Shǔ 后蜀 / trad. 後蜀
934–965
Capital	Chengdu
Common languages	Ba-Shu Chinese
Government	Monarchy
Emperor
• 934	Emperor Gaozu
• 934-965	Emperor Houzhu
Historical era	Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period
• Established in Chengdu	934 934
• Surrendered to Song	965 965
Preceded by Succeeded by Later Tang Song Dynasty

Shu (referred to as Later Shu (simplified Chinese: 后蜀; traditional Chinese: 後蜀; pinyin: Hòu Shǔ) to differentiate it from other states named Shu in Chinese history) was one of the Ten Kingdoms during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period in China. It was located in present-day Sichuan with its capital in Chengdu and lasted from 934 to 965. It was the fourth and latest state of this name on the same territiory.

Background and founding

The other Shu kingdom of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, today known as the Former Shu, was founded in 907 after the end of the Tang dynasty. It was conquered in 925 by the Later Tang, the second of the five dynasties that would rule the Central Plain during this period.

Meng Zhixiang, one of the Later Tang military governors assigned to the conquered Shu territories, became remarkably powerful in the years following the invasion. In 930 he entered into open rebellion with fellow military governor Dong Zhang; although their rebellion was initially successful, Meng wished to submit once more to the rule of the Later Tang and so in 932 the two rebel leaders turned on each other. Meng defeated Dong and, in addition to taking control of Dong's lands, was given even greater authority than before by the Later Tang government. This arrangement did not last long: in December of 933 the emperor Li Siyuan died of an illness and was succeeded by the 19-year-old Li Conghou, and in the spring of 934 Meng declared himself the Emperor of a newly independent Shu.

Territorial Extent

The Later Shu kingdom held essentially the same territory as the Former Shu kingdom. The kingdom held most of present-day Sichuan, along with southern Gansu and Shaanxi, western Hubei and all of present-day Chongqing. As with the Former Shu, the capital of the kingdom was at Chengdu.

Succession

Meng Zhixiang died less than a year after declaring himself emperor of Shu. His son Meng Chang ruled for thirty years until the kingdom was invaded by and incorporated into the expanding Song empire in 965.

Rulers of the Later Shu

Temple name	Posthumous name	Family name and given name	Reign	Era names and their corresponding years
高祖	Emperor Wénwǔ Shèngdé Yīngliè Míngxiào (文武聖德英烈明孝皇帝)	Mèng Zhīxíang (孟知祥)	934	Míngdé (明德) 934
後主	Prince Gongxiao of Chu (楚恭孝王)	Mèng Chǎng (孟昶)	934-965	Míngdé (明德) 934-938 Guǎngzhèng (廣政) 938-965

Rulers family tree

Later Shu
Li Keyong 李克用 856–908 Lady Li d.932 Meng Zhixiang 孟知祥 874–934 Gaozu 高祖 934 Empress Dowager Li 李太后 d.965 Meng Chang 孟昶 919–965 Houzhu 后主 934–965 Consort Xu 徐惠妃 c.940–976 Madame Huarui 花蕊夫人 Meng Xuanzhe 孟玄喆 937-991 Duke of Teng 滕國公

References

• Mote, F.W. (1999). Imperial China (900-1800). Harvard University Press. pp. 11–15. ISBN 0-674-01212-7.

External links

• Chinaknowledge.de: Tang/rulers-houshu (German)