Leaderism
The Russian political term leaderism (Russian: вождизм, vozhdism) means "a policy directed at the affirmation/confirmation of one person in the role of an indisputable or infallible leader".[1] Vozhdism is widespread in totalitarian and authoritarian régimes.[citation needed] Manifestations of vozhdism include clientelism, nepotism, tribalism, and messianism.[2]
Ancient Greek tyranny, as described in the Politics by Aristotle,[3] represents an early form of leaderism.[citation needed] Forms of leaderism include Italian Fascism, Führerprinzip, Stalinism, Maoism, and Juche. According to Nikolai Berdyaev (1874-1948), Leninism represented a new type of leaderism, featuring a leader of masses having dictatorship powers. Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini attempted to imitate Vladimir Lenin,[citation needed] while Joseph Stalin as vozhd exemplifies an ultimate type of such a Supreme leader.[4]
In communist phraseology the term "leaderism" occurs as a pejorative, in apposition to the officially proclaimed "principle of collective leadership".[5][6][7]
Some modern Russian authors have implied that the régimes of Mikheil Saakashvili,[8] Islamic leaders,[9] and Vladimir Putin[10] represent types of leaderist societies.
See also
References
- ^ Viktor Ruchkin. S I Ozhegov, Slovar’ Russkogo Yazyka, Moscow 1978 via [1]
- ^ Вождизм article on Mir Slovarey site Template:Ru icon
- ^
Aristotle (1999). Politics (PDF). Translator: Benjamin Jowett. Kitchener, Ontario: Batoche Books. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-07-22. Retrieved 2016-01-25.
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Berdyaev, Nikolai. "Истоки и смысл русского коммунизма" [The origins and meaning of Russian communism] (in Russian). Retrieved 2016-01-25.
Сталин уже вождь-диктатор в современном, фашистском смысле.
- ^ Slobodan Stanković , "The End of the Tito Era: Yugoslavia's Dilemmas", 1981, p. 59
- ^ [2]
- ^
Fitzpatrick, Sheila (1999). Everyday Stalinism: ordinary life in extraordinary times: Soviet Russia in the 1930s. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 30. ISBN 9780195050004. Retrieved 2016-01-24.
Sometimes local personality cults were attributed to the backwardness of the population and 'leaderism' was treated as an ethnic disease.
- ^ Вирус вождизма Archived 2008-09-12 at the Wayback Machine Krasnaya Zvezda 13 August 2008 Template:Ru icon
- ^ Вожди и лидеры. Вождизм by Dmitry Olshansky Template:Ru icon
- ^ Путин играет мускулами и добивается нового мирового порядка Kommersant 19 January 2009 Template:Ru icon
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