Lilian Swann Saarinen
Lilian “Lily” Louisa Swann Saarinen (April 17, 1912, New York City – May 22, 1995, Cohasset, Massachusetts) was an American sculptor and artist. She was the first wife of Finnish-American architect and industrial designer Eero Saarinen, with whom she sometimes collaborated.
Early life
She was born in New York City to Dr. Arthur Wharton Swann and his wife Susan Ridley Sedgwick. Her father unexpectedly died in 1914,[1] when Lily was age 2 and her sister Lucy was 4.[2] She attended Miss Chapin's School in Manhattan, and spent her summers studying sculpture in Connecticut.[2] She first seriously studied art at the Art Students League of New York with Alexander Archipenko, and later with Albert Stewart, Heinz Warneke, and Brenda Putnam.[2] She moved to Michigan where she studied under Carl Milles at the Cranbrook Academy of Art.[3]
Career
She contributed illustrations to magazines such as Child Life, Interiors, and Portfolio: An Intercontinental Quarterly. In 1935 she illustrated a children's book for the Bronx Zoo, Picture Book Zoo.[4] In 1946 she wrote and illustrated the children’s book Who Am I?[5]
Early sculpture commissions included: 23 glazed terra cotta reliefs (most of animals) at the Crow Island School in Winnetka, Illinois, 1938, Eliel Saarinen, architect;[6] reliefs at the U.S. post office in Carlisle, Kentucky; and a terra cotta relief, "Waiting for the Mail" (1941), at the U.S. post office in Bloomfield, Indiana (Missing as of 2016[7]).[8][9] She frequently supplied "ceramic embellishments" for her husband's architectural projects.[10]
She exhibited the sculpture "Night" (now called "Bagheera") at the 1939 World's Fair. It illustrates a scene from Rudyard Kipling’s The Jungle Book—the panther Bagheera hunting an owl by night.[11] Placed in the Boston Public Garden in 1986,[12] it is a feature of the Boston Women's Heritage Trail.[13]
She was part of her husband's design team that won the 1947 national competition to design the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial (now known as the “Gateway Arch”) in St. Louis, Missouri. Her bas-relief panels of the Mississippi River were eliminated from the final design.[2]
She specialized in animal portraits. Among these were the Royal Dutch Airlines sculpture at John F. Kennedy Airport in New York City; and "Screaming Eagle" (1951) at the Federal Reserve Bank Building Annex in Detroit, Michigan. The latter piece, designed the at the request of architect Minoru Yamasaki, is an abstract American bald eagle constructed of welded brass rods.[14] She created the "Fountain of Noah" (1954) at the Northland Center, a shopping mall in Southfield, Michigan; interior sculpture at the Toffenetti Restaurant in Chicago, Illinois; and a mural of Boston Harbor with glazed terra cotta reliefs of sea creatures (1960s) at the Harbor National Bank on Franklin Street in Boston, Massachusetts.[2] In later years, she modeled a number of portrait heads, among them that of her friend Gardner Cox (1967).[15][16]
In 1945, as part of the Red Cross Arts and Skills Unit rehabilitation program, she taught returning soldiers to model and fire ceramic sculpture. Later she taught at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York City; the Museum of Fine Arts School in Boston; and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Edie Sedgwick was one of her private students.
She exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 1945-47.[17] She was the winner of several awards: the A.H. Huntington First Prize, the Rome Collaborative Competition (1939), and the I.B.M. Competition (1943), among others.
Personal
During her teenage years, she spent her winters learning to ski with Otto Fürer in St. Anton-Amalberg in Austria. She was an alternate on the first U.S. Women’s Alpine Ski Team at the 1936 Winter Olympics.[2]
She met Eero Saarinen at Cranbrook Academy, where his father, architect Eliel Saarinen, was a faculty member. She married Eero on June 10, 1939, and they had two children: Eric Saarinen, born 1942, and Susan Saarinen, born 1945. They divorced in 1954, and she moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts.[18]
She died in Cohasset, Massachusetts in 1995. She is survived by son Eric Saarinen, daughter Susan Saarinen, and grandchildren Erik and Mark Wilkinson, Evan Sedgwick Saarinen, Eliot Eames Saarinen and Katrina Bergman Field.
Notes
- ^ "Arthur Wharton Swann," Biochemical Bulletin, vol. 3 (April-July 1914), p. 512.
- ^ a b c d e f Brown, Robert (1979–1981). "Oral history interview with Lilian Swann Saarinen, 1979-1981". Archives of American Art. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on 2011-06-04.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Marty Carlock (1993). A Guide to Public Art in Greater Boston: From Newburyport to Plymouth. Harvard Common Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-1-55832-062-8.
- ^ Picture Book Zoo, from William Reese Company.
- ^ Who Am I? Children's Book by Lily Swann Saarinen, from National Park Service.
- ^ Relief panels, Crow Island School.
- ^ http://sites.temple.edu/endangeredmurals/murals/california/
- ^ Waiting for the Mail, from WPA Murals.
- ^ Park, Marlene and Gerald E. Markowitz, Democratic Vistas: Post Offices and Public Art in the New Deal, Temple University Press, Philadelphia 1984 p. 209
- ^ Clark, Belloli, Harris, Taragin et al., Design in America: The Cranbrook Vision 1925-1950, Founders Society of the Detroit Institute of Art and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Harry N. Abrams, New York, 1983, p. 215.
- ^ "Bagheera Fountain". Public Art Boston. Boston Art Commission. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
- ^ Bagheera Fountain (sculpture), from SIRIS.
- ^ "Back Bay East". Boston Women's Heritage Trail.
- ^ John Rood, Sculpture with a Torch (University of Minnesota Press, 1968), p. 100.
- ^ Head of Gardner Cox (sculpture), from SIRIS.
- ^ Head of Gardner Cox, from LiveAuctioneers.
- ^ Peter Hastings Falk, ed., The Annual Exhibition Record of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Volume III, 1914-1968 (Sound View Press, 1989), p. 403.
- ^ Sean Flynn, "All in the Family," The Newport Daily News, June 12, 2015.
