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List of principals of Somerville College, Oxford

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Park Building, Somerville College
Park is one of a number of buildings at the college named in honour of former principals.

Somerville College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford.[1] It was founded in 1879 as Somerville Hall, one of the university's first two women's colleges.[2] Male students were admitted for the first time in 1994.[3] The head of the college is the principal. Chosen by the college's governing body, the principal is charged with "general supervision over the conduct, administration, and educational work of the college".[4] Somerville is the only Oxford college to have had exclusively female principals; St Hilda's, the last college other than Somerville to have been headed only by women, appointed its first male principal in 2014.[5][6]

The first principal of Somerville Hall was Madeleine Shaw Lefevre, who was appointed on 3 May 1879.[7] She was not an academic, but was well known for her social work.[7] When approached by the chairman of the hall's council, John Percival, she was hesitant to accept the post and initially only agreed to take the role for one year, but ultimately remained in post until 1889.[7] The first female tutor at the hall was appointed in 1882, and in 1884 women were permitted to sit university examinations for the first time.[7] Upon Shaw Lefevre's retirement, she was succeeded by Agnes Catherine Maitland, under whom Somerville was the first of the five women's halls which now formed part of the university to formally adopt the title of college.[8] The college's library opened for the first time during Maitland's tenure.[9] During the tenure of the college's third principal, Emily Penrose, the requirement that female students be chaperoned while in the presence of male students was abolished, but male visitors to Somerville remained subject to a curfew.[10] In 1927, Margery Fry, who had been appointed principal the previous year, spoke out publicly against the introduction of a limit on the numbers of students which the women's colleges could admit, but without success.[11]

During Helen Darbishire's tenure as principal between 1931 and 1945, new additions were made to the college's buildings, including the east quadrangle which would later be named in her honour and the college chapel.[12] In 1991, Catherine Pestell became the first principal to choose to get married while in office; as the statute of the college at the time did not permit the principal to marry, she resigned, married, and was re-elected as principal as Catherine Hughes.[13] She was also the principal when the college opted to admit male students for the first time, a decision which proved controversial and to which many existing students were opposed, although the college's former principal Janet Vaughan told the press "I think the time had come for it. I am not sorry at all. I think it's very exciting actually."[3][14][15] The current principal of Somerville is Janet Royall, Baroness Royall of Blaisdon, who took up the appointment in August 2017, succeeding Alice Prochaska.[16] Many former principals are commemorated in the names of buildings on the college site; the college's newest accommodation building, the Catherine Hughes Building, was opened in 2019, joining buildings named in honour of Maitland, Vaughan, Darbishire, Fry, Penrose, Barbara Craig, and Daphne Park.[17][18] The longest-serving principal to date is Vaughan, who held the post from 1945 until 1967. The shortest-serving is Fry, who occupied the position from 1926 until 1931. The college's current statute states that the principal is normally appointed for a fixed term of seven years.[4]

List of principals

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Key
‡ Studied at Somerville College
List of principals
Image Name Birth Death Principal
between 		Notes Ref(s).
Madeleine Shaw Lefevre 1835 1914 1879–1889 First principal of Somerville Hall; formerly a social campaigner involved with the Workhouse Visiting Society and Metropolitan Association for Befriending Young Servants [7]
Agnes Catherine Maitland 1850 1906 1889–1906 Second principal of Somerville Hall, and first principal of Somerville College, from 1894; formerly a writer and educator in domestic science [9]
Emily Penrose ‡ 1858 1942 1907–1926 Classical scholar and archaeologist; formerly principal of Royal Holloway College (1898–1907); appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in 1927 [19][20]
Margery Fry ‡ 1874 1958 1926–1931 Social reformer; formerly one of the UK's first female magistrates and Director of the Howard League for Penal Reform [11]
— Helen Darbishire ‡ 1881 1961 1931–1945 Literary scholar, authority on the works of William Wordsworth and John Milton; academic at Somerville from 1908 until 1945 [12]
Janet Vaughan ‡ 1899 1993 1945–1967 Haematologist and radiobiologist; appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in 1957 [14]
— Barbara Craig ‡ 1916 2005 1967–1980 Classical archaeologist and authority on Mycenaean pottery [21]
— Daphne Park ‡ 1921 2010 1980–1989 Diplomat and officer for British intelligence (MI6); created a life peer in 1990 as Baroness Park of Monmouth [22]
— Catherine Pestell (later Hughes) 1933 2014 1989–1996 Diplomat; formerly First Secretary to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development and assistant under-secretary of state at the Foreign Office [3]
Fiona Caldicott 1941 2021 1996–2010 Psychiatrist and psychotherapist; first woman to be President of the Royal College of Psychiatrists (1993–1996); appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in 1996 [23][24]
Alice Prochaska ‡ 1947 2010–2017 Curator and archivist; formerly Director of Special Collections at the British Library and Head Librarian at Yale University [25]
Janet Royall, Baroness Royall of Blaisdon 1955 2017– Politician; Leader of the House of Lords (2008–2010), then Leader of the Opposition in the House of Lords (2010–2015) [16]

References

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  1. ^ "Somerville College | University of Oxford". University of Oxford. Archived from the original on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  2. ^ Brockliss 2016, p. 374.
  3. ^ a b c "Obituary: Catherine Hughes, 'insightful' principal of Somerville College who oversaw admission of first male students". Oxford Mail. 8 January 2015. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
  4. ^ a b "Somerville College Statute" (PDF). University of Oxford. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
  5. ^ Gibbons, Megan (14 March 2014). "St Hilda's elect first ever male Principal". Cherwell. Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
  6. ^ Jiang, Christine (27 January 2017). "Somerville JCR debates merits of women-only principals". Cherwell. Archived from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
  7. ^ a b c d e Huws-Jones, Enid (23 September 2004). "Lefevre, Madeleine Septimia Shaw (1835–1914)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/48463. Archived from the original on 10 May 2024. Retrieved 8 May 2024. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  8. ^ Adams 1996, p. 47.
  9. ^ a b Huws-Jones, Enid (23 September 2004). "Maitland, Agnes Catherine (1849–1906)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/34836. Archived from the original on 9 May 2024. Retrieved 8 May 2024. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  10. ^ Adams 1996, p. 215.
  11. ^ a b Hodgkin, Thomas L.; Pottle, Mark (23 September 2004). "Fry, (Sara) Margery (1874–1958)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/33286. Archived from the original on 9 May 2024. Retrieved 9 May 2024. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  12. ^ a b Tillotson, Kathleen; Ord, Melanie (23 September 2004). "Darbishire, Helen (1881–1961)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32711. Archived from the original on 9 May 2024. Retrieved 9 May 2024. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  13. ^ "Going Mixed – Somerville College". University of Oxford. Archived from the original on 6 May 2024. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
  14. ^ a b Doll, Richard (23 September 2004). "Vaughan [married name Gourlay], Dame Janet Maria (1899–1993)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/42277. Archived from the original on 9 May 2024. Retrieved 8 May 2024. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  15. ^ Pritchard, Stephen (18 November 1993). "Higher Education: Blue stockings greet blue socks: Somerville College Oxford is preparing to admit its first men next year". The Independent. Archived from the original on 10 September 2018. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
  16. ^ a b "Announcement of new Principal at Somerville College". University of Oxford. 9 February 2017. Archived from the original on 24 September 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
  17. ^ "Interactive Map – Somerville College". University of Oxford. Archived from the original on 21 February 2024. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
  18. ^ Ffrench, Andrew (4 October 2019). "Somerville College student accommodation officially launched". Oxford Mail. Archived from the original on 9 May 2024. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
  19. ^ Adams, Pauline (23 September 2004). "Penrose, Dame Emily (1858–1942)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/35466. Archived from the original on 9 May 2024. Retrieved 8 May 2024. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  20. ^ "Emily Penrose – Somerville College". University of Oxford. Archived from the original on 4 June 2023. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  21. ^ Dauphin, Claudine (19 February 2005). "Barbara Craig". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 10 May 2024. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
  22. ^ Roth, Andrew (29 March 2010). "Lady Park of Monmouth obituary". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 May 2024. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
  23. ^ Carvel, John (15 February 2021). "Dame Fiona Caldicott tribute". Government of the United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 15 February 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
  24. ^ Ferry, Georgina (17 March 2021). "Dame Fiona Caldicott obituary". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 May 2024. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  25. ^ "Alice Prochaska – Somerville College". University of Oxford. Archived from the original on 9 May 2024. Retrieved 9 May 2024.

Works cited

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