List of state leaders in 1291

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1291.

Africa

• Ethiopian Empire – Yagbe'u Seyon (1285–1294)

Asia

• China (Yuan dynasty) - Kublai Khan (1279–1294)
• Japan (Kamakura period)
  • Monarch – Emperor Fushimi (1287–1298)
  • Kamakura shogunate - Prince Hisaaki (1289–1308)
  • Shikken - Hōjō Sadatoki (1284–1301)
• Korea (Goryeo Kingdom) – Chungnyeol (1274–1308)
• Sukhothai Kingdom – Ram Khamhaeng the Great (1277–1317)

Europe

• Kingdom of Aragon –
  1. Alfonso III (1285–1291)
  2. James II (1291–1327)
• Kingdom of Bohemia – Wenceslaus II (1278–1305)
• Bulgarian Empire – George I, Tsar of Bulgaria (1280–1292)
• Byzantine Empire – Andronikos II Palaiologos (1282–1328)
• Crown of Castile – Sancho IV (1284–1295)
• Kingdom of Denmark – Eric VI (1286–1320)
• Kingdom of England – Edward I (1272–1307)
• Kingdom of France – Philip IV (1285–1314)
• Holy Roman Empire (House of Habsburg) - Rudolph I, King of the Romans (1273–1291)
  • County of Holland – Floris V - (1256–1296)
• Grand Duchy of Lithuania –
  1. Butigeidis (1285–1291)
  2. Butvydas (1291–1295)
• Kingdom of Poland – Wenceslaus II (1291–1305)
• Kingdom of Portugal – Denis (1279–1325)
• Kingdom of Norway – Eric II (1280–1299)
• Kingdom of Scotland – Interregnum (1290–1292)
• Kingdom of Sweden - Birger (1290–1318)

Middle East and North Africa

• Seljuks of Turkey – Mesud II (1284–1296)
• Karamanids – Güneri (1277–1300)
• Kingdom of Cyprus – Henry II (1285–1306)
• Kingdom of Jerusalem – Henry II (1285–1291)
  • last remnants of Kingdom of Jerusalem captured by Mamluks
• Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt – Al-Ashraf Khalil (1290–1294)
• Ilkhanate –
  1. Arghun (1284–1291)
  2. Gaikhatu (1291–1295)