List of state leaders in 1516

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1516.

Africa

• Adal Sultanate – Muhammad ibn Azhar ad-Din (1488–1518)
• Ethiopian Empire – Dawit II (1508–1540)
• Kingdom of Kongo – Alfonso I, Manikongo (1509–1542)
• Sennar Sultanate – Amara Dunqas (1503–1533/4)
• Songhai Empire – Askia Mohammad I, Askia of the Songhai Empire (1493–1528)

Americas

• Aztec Empire – Moctezuma II (1502–1520)
• Inca Empire – Huayna Capac (1493–1527)

Asia

• Sultanate of Demak – Raden Patah
• China (Ming dynasty) - Zhengde Emperor (1505–1521)
• Kingdom of Cochin – Unniraman Koyikal II (1503–1537)
• Japan (Sengoku period)
  • Monarch – Emperor Go-Kashiwabara (1500–1526)
  • Ashikaga shogunate - Ashikaga Yoshitane (1508–1521)
• Khanate of Khiva – Ilbars I (1515–1525)
• Joseon (Korea) – Jungjong (1506–1544)
• Ryukyu Kingdom – Shō Shin (1477–1526)
• Sunda Kingdom – Sri Baduga Maharaja (1482–1521)
• Vijayanagara Empire – Krishnadevaraya (1509–1529)

Europe

• Kingdom of Aragon –
  1. Ferdinand II (1479–1516)
  2. Charles I (1516–1556)
• Crown of Castile
  • Queen - Joanna (1504–1556)
  • Regent -
    1. Ferdinand II, King of Aragon (1508–1516)
    2. Charles I, King of Aragon (1556–1555)
• Kingdom of Denmark and Norway – Christian II (1513–1523)
  • Duchy of Schleswig – Christian II (1513–1523) and Frederick I (1490–1533) in condominial rule
• Kingdom of England – Henry VIII (1509–1547)
• Kingdom of France – Francis I (1515–1547)
• Holy Roman Empire – Maximilian I (1493–1519)
  • Duchy of Burgundy – Charles II (1506–1555)
  • Duchy of Ferrara and Duchy of Modena and Reggio – Alfonso I d'Este (1505–1534)
  • Duchy of Holstein – Christian II (1513–1523) and Frederick I (1490–1533) in condominial rule
  • Margravate of Mantua – Francesco II Gonzaga (1484–1519)
  • Duchy of Urbino – Francesco Maria I della Rovere (1508–1534)
  • Duchy of Savoy – Charles III (1504–1553)
• Ottoman (Turkish) Empire – Selim I, the Grim (1512–1520)
• Papal States – Pope Leo X (1513–1521)
• Kingdom of Poland – Sigismund I the Old (1506–1548)
• Republic of Venice – Leonardo Loredan, Doge of Venice (1501–1521)

Middle East and North Africa

• Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt –
  1. Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri (1501–1516)
  2. Egypt conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1516-17