List of state leaders in 1851

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1851.

Africa

• Ashanti Confederacy – Kwaku Dua I Panyin, Asantehene (1834–1867)
• Kingdom of Buganda – Suna II (1836–1856)
• Bunyoro – Olimi V, Omukama of Bunyoro (1848–1852)
• Kingdom of Burundi – Ntare IV Rugamba (1796–1852)
• Kingdom of Dahomey – Ghezo (1818–1856)
• Liberia – Joseph Jenkins Roberts, President of Liberia (1848–1856)
• Kingdom of Rwanda – Mutara II Rwogera (1830–1853)
• Sokoto Caliphate
  • Caliph – Ali bin Bello I (1842–1859)
  • Grand Vizier - Abd al-Qadir (1842–1859)
• Toucouleur Empire – El Hadj Umar Tall, Caliph (1850–1864)
• Zulu – Mpande kaSenzangakhona, King of the Zulu (1840–1872)

Asia

• Durrani Empire – Dost Mohammad Khan (1843–1863)
• China
  • Qing dynasty – Xianfeng Emperor (1850–1861)
  • Taiping Heavenly Kingdom –
    • Heavenly Kingdom declared by Hong Xiuquan
    • Hong Xiuquan (1851–1864)
• Empire of Japan
  • Monarch – Kōmei (1846–1867)
  • Tokugawa shogunate – Tokugawa Ieyoshi (1837–1853)
  • Ryukyu Kingdom - Shō Tai (1848-11 March 1879)
• Joseon (Korea) – Cheoljong (1849–1864)
• Đại Nam (Nguyễn dynasty) - Tự Đức, Emperor (1847–1883)

Europe

• Principality of Abkhazia – Mikhail (1822–1864)
• Belgium
  • Monarch – Léopold I, King of the Belgians (1831–1865)
  • Cabinet Chief - Charles Rogier (1832–1834, 1847–1852, 1857–1868)
• Kingdom of Denmark –
  • Monarch – Frederick VII (1848–1863)
  • Prime Minister - Adam Wilhelm Moltke (1848–1852)
• France –
  • President - Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (1848–1852)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Comte d'Hautpoul (1849–1851)
    2. Léon Faucher (1851)
    3. position abolished
• German Confederation – Franz Joseph of Austria, President of the German Confederation (1850–1866)
  • Austrian Empire – Franz Joseph I (1848–1916)
  • Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
    • Monarch – William III of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
    • Prime Minister - Jean-Jacques Willmar (1848–1853)
  • Kingdom of Prussia –
    • Monarch – Friedrich Wilhelm IV (1840–1861)
    • Minister-President - Otto von Manteuffel (1850–1858)
  • Kingdom of Bavaria – Maximilian II (1848–1864)
  • Kingdom of Saxony – Frederick Augustus (1836–1854)
  • Kingdom of Hanover –
    1. Ernest Augustus (1837–1851)
    2. George (1851–1866)
  • Kingdom of Württemberg – William (1816–1864)
• Kingdom of Greece –
  • Monarch – Otto (1832–1862)
  • Prime Minister - Antonios Kriezis (1849–1854)
• Kingdom of Hungary – Franz Joseph I of Austria (1848–1916)
• Kingdom of the Netherlands
  • Monarch – William III (1849–1890)
  • Chairman of the Dutch Council of Ministers - Johan Rudolph Thorbecke (1849–1853, 1862–1866, 1871–1872)
• Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
  • Sultan - Abdülmecid I (1839–1861)
  • Grand Vizier – Mustafa Reşid Pasha (1848–1852)
• Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves
  • Monarch – Maria II (1826–1828, 1834–1853)
  • President of the Council of Ministers -
    1. Count of Tomar (1849–1851)
    2. Duke of Terceira (1851)
    3. Duke of Saldanha (1851–1856)
• Russian Empire – Nicholas I (1825–1855)
• Kingdom of Spain – Isabella II (September 29, 1833 – 1868)
• Kingdom of Sweden – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway - Oscar I (1844–1859)
• Grand Duchy of Tuscany – Leopold II (1824–1859)
• Kingdom of the Two Sicilies – Ferdinand II (1830–1859)
• United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland –
  • Monarch – Victoria (1837–1901)
  • Prime Minister - Lord John Russell (1846–1852)

Middle East and North Africa

• Egypt Eyalet – Abbas I, Governor of Egypt (1849–1854)
• Kuwait – Sheikh Jabir ibn Abdullah Al Sabah (1814–1859)
• Sultanate of Morocco – Abd al-Rahman (1822–1859)
• Sultanate of Oman – Sa'id II ibn Sultan (1804–1856)
• Persia (Qajar dynasty) – Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (1848–1896)

North America

• Costa Rica – Juan Rafael Mora Porras, President of Costa Rica (1849–1859)
• Honduras – Juan Lindo, President of Honduras (1847–1852)
• Mexico:
  1. José Joaquín de Herrera, President of Mexico (1848–1851)
  2. Mariano Arista, President of Mexico (1851–1853)
• United States: Millard Fillmore, President of the United States (1850–1853)

Oceania

• Kingdom of Hawaii – Kamehameha III (1823–1854)
• Tonga – Tāufaʻāhau, Tu'i Kanokupolu (1845–1893)

South America

• Argentine Confederation – Juan Manuel de Rosas, Supreme Chief of the Argentine Confederation (1851–1852)
• Empire of Brazil –
  • Monarch – Pedro II (1831–1889)
  • Prime Minister - José da Costa Carvalho, Marquis of Monte Alegre (1849–1852)
• Uruguay – as a consequence of the Guerra Grande, two governments in parallel:
  • Gobierno de la Defensa (in Montevideo): Joaquín Suárez (1843–1852)
  • Gobierno del Cerrito (ruling the rest of the country): Manuel Oribe (1843 - October 1851)