Lycaena

Lycaena
	Lycaena virgaureae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Lycaenidae
Subfamily:	Lycaeninae
Genus:	Lycaena; Fabricius, 1807
Synonyms
	Antipodolycaena Smart, 1975; Boldenaria Zhdanko, 1995; Chalceria Scudder, 1876; Chrysophanus Hübner, 1818 (rejected); Chysoptera Zincken, 1817; Disparia Verity, 1943 (non Nagano, 1916: preoccupied; Epidemia Scudder, 1876; Helleia Verity, 1943; Heodes Dalman, 1816; Hermelycaena L.D.Miller & F.M.Brown, 1979; Hyllolycaena L.D.Miller & F.M.Brown, 1979; Loweia Tutt, 1906; Lycia Sodovskii, 1837 (non Hübner, 1825: preoccupied); Migonitis Sodovskii, 1837 (non Rafinesque, 1815: preoccupied; "Palaeochrysophanus" Verity, 1934 (nomen nudum); Palaeochrysophanus Verity, 1943; Palaeoloweia Verity, 1934; Rapsidia Sibatani, 1974; Rumicia Tutt, 1906; Tharsalea Scudder, 1876; Thersamolycaena Verity, 1957; Thersamonia Verity, 1919; and see text

Lycaena is a butterfly genus.The genus range is Holarctic, with the exception of four species found in New Zealand, two in South Africa, one in New Guinea and one in Java. It is commonly divided into several subgenera, such as Antipodolycaena. Many formerly independent genera are now subsumed within Lycaena; the genus Gaiedes may also belong here.^{[citation needed]} Many of the subgenera, species-groups and species listed here may be synonyms.

Species

Listed alphabetically within groups:^[1]
Template:Multicol

Subgenus Tharsalea Scudder, 1876:

Lycaena arota (Boisduval, 1852) – Tailed Copper

Subgenus Chalceria Scudder, 1876:
The thaeides species-group:

Lycaena dione (Scudder, 1868)
Lycaena editha (Mead, 1878) – Edith's Copper California, Montana, Wyoming, Nevada
Lycaena gorgon (Boisduval, 1852) – Gorgon Copper Nevada, California, Oregon
Lycaena xanthoides (Boisduval, 1852) – Great Gray Copper California

The chalceria species-group:

Lycaena ferrisi Johnson & Balogh, 1977 – Ferris' Copper Arizona
Lycaena heteronea Boisduval, 1858 – Blue Copper
Lycaena rubidus (Behr, 1866) – Ruddy Copper

Subgenus Epidemia Scudder, 1876:
The hyllolycaena species-group:

Lycaena hyllus (Cramer, [1775]) – Bronze Copper

The epidemia species-group:

Lycaena dorcas Kirby, 1837 – Dorcas Copper or Cinquefoil Copper
Lycaena dospassosi McDunnough, 1940
Lycaena epixanthe (Boisduval & Leconte, [1835]) – Bog Copper, Cranberry-bog Copper
Lycaena helloides (Boisduval, 1852) – Purplish Copper
Lycaena nivalis (Boisduval, 1869) – Nivalis Copper
Lycaena mariposa (Reakirt, 1866) – Mariposa Copper

Subgenus Hermelycaena Miller & Brown, 1979:

Lycaena hermes (Edwards, 1870) – Hermes Copper

Subgenus Antipodolycaena Smart, 1975:

Lycaena boldenarum White, 1862 New Zealand
Lycaena feredayi (Bates, 1867) – Glade Copper
Lycaena rauparaha (Fereday, 1877) New Zealand
Lycaena salustius (Fabricius, 1793) – Common Copper

Unnamed subgenus:
The heodes species-group:

Lycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830) – Grecian Copper
Lycaena tityrus (Poda, 1761) – Sooty Copper
Lycaena virgaureae (Linnaeus, 1758) – Scarce Copper

The palaeochrysophanus species-group:

Lycaena candens (Herrich-Schäffer, [1844]) South Europe, Caucasus, Transcaucasia
Lycaena hippothoe (Linnaeus, 1761) – Purple-edged Copper

Template:Multicol-break

Subgenus Lycaena Fabricius, 1807:
The helle species-group:

Lycaena helle ([Schiffermüller], 1775) – Violet Copper
Lycaena irmae Bailey, 1932 South Tibet
Lycaena li (Oberthür, 1886) West China
Lycaena ouang (Oberthür, 1891) Yunnan
Lycaena pang (Oberthür, 1886) West China, Tibet
Lycaena svenhedini (Nordström, 1935) China
Lycaena tseng (Oberthür, 1886) North Burma to West China

The phlaeas species-group:

Lycaena cupreus (Edwards, 1870) – Lustrous Copper
Lycaena kiyokoae Sakai, 1978 Afghanistan
Lycaena phlaeas (Linnaeus, 1761) – Small Copper, Common Copper, American Copper
Lycaena sichuanica Bozano & Weidenhoffer, 2001

The thersamolycaena species-group:

Lycaena aeolus Wyatt, 1961 West Pamirs, Afghanistan
Lycaena aeolides (Churkin, 1999) Gissar Range, Central Asia
Lycaena alciphron (Rottemburg, 1775) – Purple-shot Copper
Lycaena dispar (Haworth, 1802) – Large Copper
Lycaena splendens (Staudinger, 1881) Dzhungarsky Alatau, Tian-Shan (Central Asia)
Lycaena violaceus (Staudinger, 1892)

The thersamonia species-group:

Lycaena aditya (Moore, [1875]) West Pamirs, Afghanistan, Pakistan, North India
Lycaena alaica (Grum-Grshimailo, 1888) Pamirs-Alai, Gissar ange , North east Afghanistan
Lycaena alpherakyi (Grum-Grshimailo, 1888) East Pamirs, Northwest China
Lycaena attila (Zhdanko, 1990) Zaalaisky mountains (Trans-Ili Alatau) Central Asia
Lycaena asabinus (Herrich-Schäffer, [1851]) Turkey, Transcaucasia, Iran, Armenia
Lycaena hyrcana (Neuburger, 1903) North Iran to Central Asia
Lycaena kurdistanica (Riley, 1921) Armenia, Northeast Turkey, West Iran
Lycaena lampon Lederer, [1870] Kopet-Dagh, Southeast Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan
Lycaena ochimus (Herrich-Schäffer, [1851]) Transcaucasia, Armenia, Caucasus Minor, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Talysh Mountains (Iran - Azerbaijan)
Lycaena phoebus (Blachier, 1905) – Moroccan Copper Morocco
Lycaena solskyi Erschoff, 1874 Pamirs to Alay Mountains, Gissar Range, Darvaz, Tian-Shan, Kashmir, Samarkand
Lycaena thersamon (Esper, 1784) – Lesser Fiery Copper
Lycaena thetis Klug, 1834 – Fiery Copper or Golden Copper

Template:Multicol-break

The phoenicurusia species-group:

Lycaena margelanica (Staudinger, 1881) South Tajikistan to Tien-Shan, Gissar Range, Darvaz, Alay, West Pamir Babatag, Karatau, Teriklitau, Rangontau, Zailiisky Alatau, Lake Issyk-Kul mountains

The hyrcanana species-group:

Lycaena caspius (Lederer, 1869) Kopet-Dagh,Gissar Range, North Iran, Afghanistan
Lycaena ophion Hemming, 1933 Kopet-Dagh, Gissar Range to Darvaz Tadzhikistan
Lycaena pamira (Nekrutenko, 1983)
Lycaena sartha (Staudinger, 1886) Gissar Range to Darvaz, Pamirs to Alay mountains, Northeast Afghanistan
Lycaena sultan (Lang, 1884) West Gissar Range (Zeravshansky, Ghissarsky, Baisuntau, Fanskie)