Lycodinae
| Lycodinae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Lycodes vahlii | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Scorpaeniformes |
| Suborder: | Zoarcoidei |
| Family: | Zoarcidae |
| Subfamily: | Lycodinae Gill, 1861[1] |
| Genera[2] | |
Lycodinae is a subfamily of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Zoarcidae, the eelpouts. These eelpouts are found are in all the world's oceans, with a number of species being found off southern South America.
Taxonomy
[edit]Lycodinae was first proposed as a taxonomic grouping in 1861 by the American zoologist Theodore Gill.[1] The subfamily is classified within the eelpout family, Zoarcidae part of the suborder Zoarcoidei within the order Scorpaeniformes.[3] The name of the subfamily derives from its type genus, Lycodes, which means "wolf-like" and refers to the then presumed close relationship of that taxon to the wolffish.[4]
Genera
[edit]Lycodinae contains the following genera:[5][6]
- Aiakas Gosztonyi, 1977
- Argentinolycus Matallanas & Corbella, 2012
- Austrolycus Regan, 1913
- Bellingshausenia Matallanas, 2009
- Bentartia Matallanas, 2010
- Bothrocara Bean, 1890
- Bothrocarina Suvorov, 1935
- Crossostomus Lahille, 1908
- Dadyanos Whitley, 1951
- Derepodichthys Gilbert, 1896
- Dieidolycus Anderson, 1988
- Eucryphycus Anderson, 1988
- Exechodontes DeWitt, 1977
- Gosztonyia Matallanas, 2009
- Hadropogonichthys Fedorov, 1982
- Iluocoetes Jenyns, 1842
- Japonolycodes Shinohara, Sakurai & Machida, 2002
- Letholycus Anderson, 1988
- Leucogrammolycus Mincarone & Anderson, 2008
- Lycenchelys Gill, 1884
- Lycodapus Gilbert, 1890
- Lycodes Reinhardt, 1831
- Lycodichthys Pappenheim, 1911
- Lycodonus Goode & Bean, 1883
- Lycogrammoides Soldatov & Lindberg, 1928
- Lyconema Gilbert, 1896
- Maynea Cunningham, 1871
- Notolycodes Gosztonyi, 1977
- Oidiphorus McAllister & Rees, 1964
- Ophthalmolycus Regan, 1913
- Pachycara Zugmayer, 1911
- Patagolycus Matallanas & Corbella, 2012
- Phucocoetes Jenyns, 1842
- Piedrabuenia Gosztonyi, 1977
- Plesienchelys Anderson, 1988
- Pogonolycus Norman, 1937
- Pyrolycus Machida & Hashimoto, 2002
- Santelmoa Matallanas, 2010
- Taranetzella Andriashev, 1952
- Thermarces Rosenblatt & Cohen, 1986
Characteristics
[edit]Lycodinae eelpouts have elongate heads and bodies, they have between 58 and 144 vertebrae. The branchiostegal membranes are typically attached to the isthmus, although not in Lycodapus. Most have a wide bill slit but in some species it is more restricted. They do not usually possess a pore between the eyes. There are between 4 and 9 suborbital bones, typically, from 6 to 8, and these create an L-shaped pattern around the eyes. There are between 6 and 12 fin rays in the caudal fin. They have no spines in their fins, although in a few species there are pelvic fin rays which are fused into a pelvic splint.[5] The largest species is Lycodes soldatovi which has a maximum published fork length of 91 cm (36 in).[7]
Distribution
[edit]Lycodinae eelpouts are found throughout the world with a notable radiation in the littoral to upper continental slope off southern South America.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of Recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 001–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
- ^ "Lycodinae". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
- ^ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 478–482. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (6 May 2022). "Order Perciformes Suborder Cottoidea: Infraorder Zoarcales: Family: Zoarcidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
- ^ a b c Anderson , M. E. and V. V . Fedorov (2004). "Family Zoarcidae Swainson 1839 — eelpouts" (PDF). California Academy of Sciences Annotated Checklists of Fishes. 34.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Lycodinae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Lycodes". FishBase. June 2022 version.