MS Mikhail Lermontov
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![]() Mikhail Lermontov at Tilbury in 1983
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History | |
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Name | Mikhail Lermontov |
Namesake | Mikhail Lermontov |
Owner | Baltic Shipping Company |
Operator | Baltic Shipping Company |
Port of registry | Leningrad, ![]() |
Builder |
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Yard number | 129 |
Launched | 31 December 1970 |
Acquired | 18 March 1972 |
In service | 21 April 1972 |
Identification |
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Fate |
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Status | Wreck |
Notes | [1][2] |
General characteristics | |
Class and type | Template:Sclass- |
Tonnage | 19,872 gross register tons (GRT) |
Displacement | 4,956 tonnes deadweight (DWT) |
Length | 175.77 m (576 ft 8 in) |
Beam | 23.60 m (77 ft 5 in) |
Draught | 7.80 m (25 ft 7 in) |
Depth | 13.50 m (44 ft 3 in) |
Installed power | |
Propulsion | Two propellers |
Speed | 20 kn (37.04 km/h; 23.02 mph) service speed |
Range | 8,000 mi (13,000 km) |
Capacity |
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Crew | 347 |
Notes | [1][2][3] |
MS Mikhail Lermontov was an ocean liner owned by the Soviet Union's Baltic Shipping Company, built in 1972 by V.E.B. Mathias-Thesen Werft, Wismar, East Germany. It was later converted into a cruise ship. On 16 February 1986 she collided with rocks near Port Gore in the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand, and sank, claiming the life of one of her crew members.
MS Mikhail Lermontov
MS Mikhail Lermontov, launched in 1972, was the last of the five "poet" ships: Ivan Franko, Taras Shevchenko, Alexandr Pushkin (now Marco Polo), Shota Rustaveli and Mikhail Lermontov, named after famous Ukrainian, Georgian and Russian writers (Ivan Franko and Taras Shevchenko being Ukrainian, and Shota Rustaveli being Georgian), built to the same design at V.E.B. Mathias-Thesen Werft, Wismar, East Germany. Mikhail Lermontov, born 1814 and died 1841, was known as the "poet of Caucasus."
MS Mikhail Lermontov was originally used as an ocean liner on the Leningrad—New York run.[4] However, the Soviet government realised that there was more money to be made by converting it to a cruise ship, and the accommodation and facilities on board were significantly upgraded in 1982 to meet the expectations of western customers.[citation needed]
Background
On 16 February 1986 Mikhail Lermontov was cruising in New Zealand for the CTC cruise company. On that day it left Picton for the Marlborough Sounds, carrying mostly elderly Australian passengers. The Picton pilot, Captain Don Jamison (who was also Picton harbourmaster), piloted the ship out of Picton. His presence, and his knowledge of the area, should have assured the safety of MS Mikhail Lermontov.
Hugging the shoreline to give the Australian passengers a good view of the area, Jamison continued towards the cape. About one mile from the cape, Jamison made the decision to take MS Mikhail Lermontov through the passage. A Russian officer questioned the decision, but the harbour-master assured him it would be a safe course, and at the time the decision was made the ship was still within the harbour limits.
Disaster
On February 6, 1986, the Mikhail Lermontov sailed from Sydney on the beginning of a two-week cruise around New Zealand, carrying 372 passengers and a crew of 348, which combined to a total of 743 people. On the evening of February 16, the Lermontov was sailing past Cape Jackson, on the northeastern shore of New Zealand's south island, about 30 miles northwest of Wellington. At 5:37 PM, travelling at 15 knots, Mikhail Lermontov struck rocks about 5.5 metres (18 feet) below the waterline on its port side.
By 8:30 pm, passengers began to abandon ship, with the aid of the Russian crew and local rescue vessels. The passengers were transferred to several ships in the area, including the LPG tanker Tarihiko (Capt. Reedman) and the SeaRail road-rail ferry Arahura (Capt John Brew). As darkness set in MS Mikhail Lermontov listed further to starboard. Within 20 minutes of the last passenger being rescued, the ship had disappeared completely, sinking at approximately 10:27 PM, 4 hours and 50 minutes after running aground. The sinking resulted in only one casualty, 33-year-old crew engineer Pavel Zagladimov, who tragically went down with the ship. The coroner's report lists his official cause of death as 'unknown', as his remains were never found. 11 of those rescued had minor injuries.[5]
Wreck
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Michail_Lermontow_1984.jpg/300px-Michail_Lermontow_1984.jpg)
MS Mikhail Lermontov rests where it sank, lying on its starboard side in depths reaching up to a maximum of about 38 m. It is popular with Scuba divers and the site is served by local dive shops in Picton and Kaikoura.[6] It is also one of the biggest, easily accessible, diveable ship wrecks in the world.[7] The dives range from an easy 12m depth at the top of the wreck, through to deep penetration and decompression dives to depths of 36m. It is possible to enter the wreck, especially in the open public areas accessible from the port side windows near the top of the wreck, although care must be taken and guides familiar with the wreck are highly recommended, especially for enclosed overhead environments and where entanglement hazards may exist. Closed circuit diving is recommended to avoid causing reduced visibility when entering enclosed areas such as restaurants, crew messes, and shopping arcades. Three divers are known to have died while exploring the ship, including one diver whose body is still possibly trapped inside.[8]
Cause as established by New Zealand inquiry
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Mikhail_Lermontov_sonar.jpg/300px-Mikhail_Lermontov_sonar.jpg)
The New Zealand preliminary inquiry report found that; “at the time of the grounding the ship's courses and speeds were being directed by Captain D.I. Jamison in the employ of the Marlborough Harbour Board as Harbourmaster and chief pilot."[9]
“The decision to direct the ship through the channel was made by Captain Jamison without consulting any other person at the time the ship was in position Lat 41˚ 01' 04" S Long 174 19' 30" E.[10]
“When Captain Jamison observed the passage between Cape Jackson and the Cape Jackson light house, to open up, he made a sudden decision to navigate the ship through that passage".[11]
The 1986 New Zealand Minister of Transport Richard Prebble later stated of the captain's actions, "why he decided to guide the ship over a passage that he actually knew was too shallow, I don't think he'll ever be able to answer".[12]
Cause as established by Soviet inquiry
The Soviet commission of inquiry concluded that; “Pilot Don Jamieson took a decision which was not justified by anything and gave a command to steer the ship through the dangerous for navigation passage between Cape Jackson and Jackson Head which must not be passed through because of insufficient depths for a ship of such draught."[13]
Court case
The disaster was the subject of the celebrated Australian restitution case Baltic Shipping Company v Dillon (The Mikhail Lermontov) (1993) 176 CLR 344, in which Mrs Dillon, having already been awarded damages for loss to both her possessions and person, as well as a pro-rated refund on her cruise ticket, claimed restitution for the remaining value of her ticket on the basis of failure of consideration. Rejecting proposed analyses of the cruise as an entire obligation, and alternatively as a payment conditional on performance, the High Court re-affirmed the rule that failure of consideration must be total in order for a claim for restitution to be sustained. Simply put, Mrs Dillon could not deny the benefit she received during her first eight days on the cruise. Furthermore, the court, following earlier English authority, held that full damages and complete restitution will not be given for the same breach of contract. The now-abolished forms of action cast a long shadow: a claim for money had and received evolved from the writ of indebitatus assumpsit, a legal fiction that the parties had an implied agreement that upon discharge for breach or frustration that the subject matter of the original agreement would be returned. An alternative form of action lay in debt. In Holmes v Hall (1677) 2 Mod 260, it was recognised that where concurrent claims existed and a claim in assumpsit indebitatus was available, the claim in assumpsit operated to exclude other claims. In the 'modern' language of Dutch v Warren (1720) 1 Stra 406, '[the defendant] has given the plaintiff an option to disaffirm the contract, and recover the consideration he was paid for it in the same manner as if it had never existed....but then the contract must be totally rescinded...;since otherwise, the contract is affirmed by the plaintiff's having received part of that equivalent for which he has paid his consideration, and it is then reduced to a mere question of damages proportionate to the extent to which it remains unperformed.'[14]
See also
- Baltic Shipping Company v Dillon (1993) 176 CLR 344
- Costa Concordia, Italian cruise ship which ran aground off Italy in 2012, in – possibly – roughly similar circumstances – close to shore, but, unlike the 'Mikhail Lermontov', without a pilot on board.
- MS Sea Diamond
Notes
- ^ a b Asklander, Micke. "M/S Mikhail Lermontov (1972)". Fakta om Fartyg (in Swedish). Retrieved 14 April 2008.
- ^ a b Miller, William H. Jr. (1995). The Pictorial Encycpedia of Ocean Liners, 1860–1994. Mineola: Dover Publications. p. 74. ISBN 0-486-28137-X.
- ^ "Mihail Lermontov". The Soviet Fleet. infoflot.ru. Retrieved 14 April 2008.
- ^ Cruisepage.com ship profiles: Marco Polo, retrieved 22. 11. 2007
- ^ Castell, Marcus. "The Last Cruise of the Mikhail Lermontov". The New Zealand Maritime Record. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
- ^ Go Dive Marlborough. "Wreck Diving in the Marlborough Sounds New Zealand". Go Dive. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
- ^ "Marlborough Region". Jasons Travel Media.
- ^ "New Zealand Divewrecks - dive the trail!!". divewreck.co.nz.
- ^ Preliminary Inquiry into the grounding and subsequent founding of the cruise ship Mikhail Lermontov, SJ Ponsford, 26 February 1986, , Concluding report Page 8, conclusion 3, NZ National Library.
- ^ Preliminary Inquiry into the grounding and subsequent founding of the cruise ship Mikhail Lermontov, SJ Ponsford, 26 February 1986, concluding report, Page 9 conclusion 6, NZ National Library.
- ^ Preliminary Inquiry into the grounding and subsequent founding of the cruise ship Mikhail Lermontov, SJ Ponsford, 26 February 1986, concluding report, Page 6 para 7, NZ National Library.
- ^ NZ Herald, Lermontov sinking still lures conspiracy buffs, Ruth Hill, 16 February 2006
- ^ Soviet commission of inquiry report, page 4, B.S. Maynagashev, undated
- ^ (1720) 1 Stra. 406, at p 406 (93 ER 598, at p 599) Cases and Materials on the Law of Restitution, p274
External links
- New Zealand Disasters – Shipwreck: Mikhail Lermontov
- The Last Cruise of the Mikhail Lermontov at NZ Maritime Record
- A full-length documentary made in 2000, "Destination Disaster: The Sinking of the Mikhail Lermontov". Free to view on NZ On Screen.
- A full-length documentary, featuring dive footage, made in 1986, "Mikhail Lermontov". Free to view on NZ On Screen.
- Day/night Lermontov Wreck Dive Tours Go Dive Marlborough, Picton, New Zealand
Further reading
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- O'Connor, Tom (1999). Death of a Cruise Ship. Whatamango Bay, Queen Charlotte Sound, NZ: Cape Catley Ltd.
- 1970 ships
- 1986 in New Zealand
- 1986 in the Soviet Union
- Foreign relations of the Soviet Union
- Germany–Soviet Union relations
- Maritime incidents in 1986
- Ocean liners
- Ships built in East Germany
- Ships of the Soviet Union
- Shipwrecks of the Cook Strait
- History of the Marlborough Region
- Wreck diving sites
- Mikhail Lermontov
- Ships built in Wismar