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Malaxis bayardii

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Malaxis bayardii
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Monocots
Order:
Asparagales
Family:
Orchidaceae
Subfamily:
Epidendroideae
Tribe:
Malaxideae
Genus:
Malaxis
Species:
M. bayardii
Binomial name
Malaxis bayardii
Synonyms[1]

Malaxis bayardii fo. kelloggiae P.M. Br.

Malaxis bayardii, or Bayard's adder's-mouth orchid,[2] is a species of orchid native to northeastern North America. It is found from Massachusetts to North Carolina, with isolated populations in Ohio and Nova Scotia.[3] There are historical reports of the plant formerly growing in Vermont and New Jersey, but it seems to have been extirpated in those two states[1] It grows in dry, open woods and pine barrens at elevations of less than 600 m (2000 feet).[4][5]

Malaxis bayardii is a terrestrial herb up to 26 cm (10.4 inches) tall. It produces a pseudobulb up to 20 mm in diameter. It generally has only one leaf, occasionally two, about halfway up the stem. Flowers are small and green, borne in a raceme of up to 70 flowers.[6][7][8][9]

Conservation status

It is listed as a special concern species and believed extirpated in Connecticut,[10] as rare Massachusetts, and as endangered in New Jersey and in New York (state).[11]

References

  1. ^ a b "Malaxis bayardii". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  2. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Malaxis bayardii". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
  3. ^ "Malaxis bayardii". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
  4. ^ Catling, Paul M.; Magrath, Lawrence K. (2002). "Malaxis bayardii". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 26. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  5. ^ "Malaxis bayardii". North American Orchid Conservation Center (NAOOC), Smithsonian Environmental Research Center. 2018.
  6. ^ Fernald, Merritt Lyndon (1936). "Rhodora". 38 (455): 402–404. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) description in Latin, commentary in English; small line drawings showing flowers
  7. ^ Fernald, Merritt Lyndon (1936). "Rhodora". 38 (455). plate 446, photos of herbarium specimens, figures 1 and 2 at left. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  8. ^ Fernald, Merritt Lyndon (1950). Gray's Manual of Botany (8th ed.). New York: American Book Company. pp. i–lxiv, 1–1632.
  9. ^ Catling, P. M. (1991). "Systematics of Malaxis bayardii and M. unifolia". Lindleyana. Vol. 6. pp. 3–23.
  10. ^ "Connecticut's Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Species 2015" (PDF). State of Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Bureau of Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 January 2018. (Note: This list is newer than the one used by plants.usda.gov and is more up-to-date.)
  11. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Malaxis bayardii". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
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