Second Philippine Republic
Republic of the Philippines Repúbliká ng Pilipinas | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1943–1945 | |||||||||||
 | |||||||||||
| Anthem: Lupang Hinirang Awit sa Paglikhâ ng Bagong Pilipinas (Hymn of the Making of a New Philippines) | |||||||||||
 Location of the Philippines in Asia | |||||||||||
| Status | Puppet state of Japan | ||||||||||
| Capital | Manila, Baguio, Tokyo | ||||||||||
| Common languages | Tagalog | ||||||||||
| Government | Single-party authoritarian republic | ||||||||||
| President | |||||||||||
| Head of government | |||||||||||
| Speaker of National Assembly | |||||||||||
| Legislature | National Assembly | ||||||||||
| Historical era | World War II | ||||||||||
• Established | October 14 1943 | ||||||||||
• Disestablished | August 17 1945 | ||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||
| 1945 | 300,000 km2 (120,000 sq mi) | ||||||||||
| Population | |||||||||||
• 1945 | 18,846,800 | ||||||||||
| Currency | Japanese issued Peso | ||||||||||
| ISO 3166 code | PH | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
The Second Philippine Republic, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (Tagalog: Repúbliká ng Pilipinas), was a state in the Philippines established on October 14, 1943 under Japanese occupation.
President Manuel L. Quezon declared Manila, the capital, an "open city" and left it under the rule of Jorge B. Vargas, as mayor. The Japanese entered the city on January 2, 1942 and established it as the capital. Japan fully captured the Philippines on May 6, 1942, after the Battle of Corregidor.
General Masaharu Homma dissolved the Commonwealth of the Philippines and established the Philippine Executive Commission, a caretaker government, with Vargas as its first chairman. All political parties were banned and replaced by the non-partisan KALIBAPI – Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas (Tagalog for the "Organization in the Service of the New Philippines"). KALIBAPI's director-general was Benigno S. Aquino.
A constitution was formed by the Preparatory Commission for Independence, consisting of 20 members from the KALIBAPI.[1] The Preparatory Commission, led by José P. Laurel,[2] presented its draft Constitution on September 4, 1943 and three days later, the KALIBAPI general assembly ratified the draft Constitution.[1]
By September 20, 1943, the KALIBAPI's representative groups in the country's provinces and cities elected from among themselves fifty-four members of the Philippine National Assembly, the legislature of the country, with fifty-four governors and city mayors as ex-officio members.
Three days after establishing the National Assembly, its inaugural session was held at the pre-war Legislative Building and it elected by majority Benigno S. Aquino as its first Speaker and José P. Laurel as President of the Republic of the Philippines, who was inaugurated on October 15, 1943 at the foundation of the Republic.[1]
In September 1944 it declared war against the United States and United Kingdom.[3] Following the return of American lead Allied forces the government of the Second Republic evacuated Manila to Baguio.[4] It was formally dissolved by President Laurel in Tokyo on August 17th, 1945.[4]
See also
- Emergency circulating notes
- Japanese occupation of the Philippines
- Military history of the Philippines during World War II
References
- ^ a b c "Jose P". Angelfire. Retrieved 2007-10-21.
- ^ "The Philippine Presidency Project". Manuel L. Quezon III, et al. Retrieved 2007-10-21.
- ^ JOSE P. LAUREL. "PROCLAMATION NO. 30". Retrieved 25 January 2011.
- ^ a b Ooi, Keat Gin (2004). Southeast Asia: a historical encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor, Volume 1. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 776. ISBN 9781576077702. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
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