Marketa Lazarová

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Marketa Lazarová
Directed byFrantišek Vláčil
Screenplay byFrantišek Pavlíček, František Vláčil
Produced byJosef Ouzký
StarringMagda Vášáryová
Josef Kemr
František Velecký
Naďa Hejná
Jaroslav Moučka
Narrated byZdeněk Štěpánek
CinematographyBeda Batka
Edited byMiroslav Hájek
Music byZdeněk Liška
Production
company
Distributed byÚstřední půjčovna filmů
Release dates
  • 6 October 1967 (1967-10-06) (Czechoslovakia)
  • 30 August 1974 (1974-08-30) (United States)
Running time
165 minutes[1]
CountryCzechoslovakia
LanguagesCzech
German
Budget13 Million Kčs
Box office5.2 Million Kčs[2][3]

Marketa Lazarová (1967) is a Czechoslovak historical film directed by František Vláčil. It is an adaptation of the novel Marketa Lazarová (1931) by Vladislav Vančura. The film takes place in an indeterminate time during the Middle Ages, and tells the story of a daughter of a feudal lord who is kidnapped by neighbouring robber knights and becomes a mistress of one of them.

Marketa Lazarová was voted the all-time best Czech movie in a prestigious 1998 poll of Czech film critics and publicists.[4]

Theodor Pištěk designed the costumes for the film.

Plot

The sons of the robber clan patriarch Kozlík ambush a small caravan travelling to the nearby Mladá Boleslav in winter. One man escapes, turning out to be the new Bishop of Hennau and an important ally of the Czech king, while the two captives the clan takes are the Bishop's son and his assistant. Mikoláš, one of the sons, encounters the neighboring clan leader Lazar scavenging at the site of the ambush. He threatens to kill Lazar, but spares him as he prays to Christ to forgive Mikoláš. He returns to his settlement where his father, Kozlík, grows furious at him for allowing a man to escape and bringing captives.

Later, Kozlík reaches the settlement after being chased by wolves through a forest. He had answered summons from the king and upon his arrival to Mladá Boleslav, the king's captain attempted to take him into custody. Anticipating a regiment led by the captain, the clan abandons the settlement and moves deeper into the forest. Mikoláš visits Lazar's settlement, urging him to help Kozlík ambush the regiment. Lazar's young virgin daughter Markéta is shocked to see her father's men brutally beat Mikoláš, who is then allowed to leave. When he returns, Kozlík sends a small group of men to avenge the beating. They turn back upon finding that the regiment has already arrived to Lazar's settlement and shoot down the captain's closest knight as he rides to meet them. The captain swears justice and vengeance.

Lazar and Markéta visit the nunnery, but Lazar has failed to bring the required amount of money to allow Markéta to take vows. When they return to their settlement, Mikoláš and his men have already captured it. They kill Lazar's mentally disabled son, kidnap Markéta, and nail Lazar to the gate. Upon returning to his clan's forest stronghold, Mikoláš rapes Markéta and then protects her from his father's wrath. Meanwhile, a romance has developed between the Bishop's captive son Kristián and Kozlík's daughter Alexandra, whom he impregnantes. She had some time ago had an affair with her brother Adam, who lost an arm as a result. Kozlík now chains Mikoláš and Markéta, who are falling in love, together with Kristián and Alexandra on a hill outside the fortress.

When the captain's regiment arrives with Adam whom they had captured, Kozlík allows the four back inside. After an initial rash attack in which Adam dies is repulsed, the Captain mounts a second attack which succeeds. Kristián sees Alexandra chased by dogs and is torn in his loyalty to his father and his love for her, running off into the forest. Mikoláš, Markéta, and Alexandra escape while Kozlík is taken captive to Mladá Boleslav. Alexandra comes across Kristián and crushes his head with a rock. Markéta return home to her father, who survived his crucifixion, but he rejects her. She travels to the nunnery and begins to take her vows just as Mikoláš attempts to free his father from the castle dungeon. She leaves during the ceremony to find Mikoláš dying in the castle courtyard from wounds suffered in the rescue attempt. The captain marries Mikoláš and Markéta on the spot before his men take Kozlík away and Mikoláš dies. In the final scene, Markéta wanders the countryside as the narrator reveals that both she and Alexandra had sons. Markéta nursed both boys, implying that Alexandra died after giving birth, perhaps comitting suicide.

Cast and characters

Main characters

Character Role Notes
Narrator (voice) Zdeněk Štěpánek
Kozlík Josef Kemr A bandit knight who resides at Roháček. He is Lazar's rival. His clan has to face the royal army.[5]
Mikoláš František Velecký
Petr Kostka (voice)		 Kozlík's second born son and the protagonist of the film.[6][7][8] He is considered to be Kozlík's successor. He abducts Marketa and eventually marries her.
Adam-Jednoručka Ivan Palúch
Ladislav Trojan (voice)		 Kozlík's son who is in a relationship with his sister Alexandra. He lost an arm when his father, Kozlik found out about it and later banished him
Alexandra Pavla Polášková
Karolina Slunéčková (voice)		 Kozlík's daughter who is in a relationship with her brother Adam. She falls in love with Kristián, a prisoner of her family.[5]
Lazar Michal Kožuch
Martin Růžek (voice)		 Marketa's father who is a bandit knight but rejects to help Kozlík and eventually helps the royal army.[5]
Marketa Lazarová Magda Vášáryová
Gabriela Vránová (voice)		 The only daughter of Lazar. She is a naive girl who is abducted by Mikoláš and becomes his mistress. She eventually falls in love with him and they get married before his execution.[5]
Kristián Harry Studt Saxon Count whose son is abducted by Kozlík's sons.
Kristián Vlastimil Harapes
Klaus-Peter-Thiele (voice)		 Son of a Saxon noble who is taken prisoner by Kozlík's clan. He falls in love with Alexandra.[5]
Captain Pivo Zdeněk Kryzánek The leader of the royal army who is sent against Kozlík. He is tasked to rescue Kristián. He later marries Mikoláš to Marketa.
Sovička Zdeněk Řehoř Pivo's second in command. He is attracted to Marketa. He is killed by Kozlík's sons.[5]
Kateřina Naďa Hejná
Antonie Hegerliková (voice)		 Kozlík's wife.
Bernard Vladimír Menšík Wandering monk who serves as a viewer of the events in the film. He didn't appear in the novel.[5]
Priory Karla Chadimová

Supporting cast

Character Role Notes
Jan Jaroslav Moučka Kozlík's first born son.
Jiří Karel Vašíček Kozlík's son.
Smil Pavel Landovský Kozlík's son.
Burjan Ladislav Považay Kozlík's son.
Václav Martin Mrázek Kozlík's son.
Bohdan Václav Kovařík
Jakub Petr Sedlák
Reiner Zdeněk Kutil Count's butler
Wagoner František Nechyba
Armory Karel Bradáč
Šimon Václav Sloup Jan's son.
Kornet Jan Pohan
Drahuše Alena Pavlíková Kozlík's daughter.
Jakub Zdeněk Lipovčan Lazar's son.
Františkán Ota Ševčík
Royal soldiers Majka-Čech Soldiers of Pivo's regiment
František Hlinovský
Jaroslav Mařan
Ota Lackovič
Others

Themes

The film is set in medieval Bohemia at a time when Christianity had not fully replaced Paganism. Conflict between Christianity and Paganism, mirroring a conflict between the clans and central authority, is a major theme. The Kozlík clan leans toward Paganism while the royal regiment represent Christianity and authority.[9] Meanwhile, Lazar's clan is nominally Christian but politically neutral. Kozlík wants Lazar to support him in the fight but Lazar refuses and sides with the king, leading to the abduction of his daughter.[10][11]

Similarly, the romance between Markéta and Mikoláš, who rapes her but later protects and loves her, represents a meeting of purity and innocence with worldly violence. The film highlights Mikoláš's ferocity and unrestrainment.[12][13] This interplays with the romance between Mikoláš's sister Alexandra and Kristián, in which the roles are reversed. Kristián's love for Alexandra contradicts Mikoláš's love for Marketa; he is uncertain in it due to his loyalty to his father.

Royal scenes that were cut from the film were supposed to show contradictions between the Kozlík clan and the royal family. Their difference was to be shown in a struggle for property and power. Desire for the crown leads to hatred between brothers and of sons towards their father, common in big royal families but not in small families. The film also shows conflict between Mikoláš and Adam. Neither is the oldest son but they are both likely candidates to replace Kozlík as clan leader.[13]

Production

Rabí Castle represented Medieval Boleslav.[14]

Before production started, František Vláčil and František Pavlíček had to transfer the novel into screenplay. The text of the book was linguistically difficult and the transfer took a few years. The whole works on Marketa Lazarová took seven years.[15]

Production itself took three years. The shooting started in 1964 and concluded in 1966. It took 548 days. The film was shot at multiple places in the current Czech Republic such as Lánská obora, Mrtvý luh and Klokočín Castle. Shooting took place during extreme conditions of tough winter.[16] The intended budget was 7 million crowns but the film cost almost 13 million crowns in the end. The expensiveness of the film was one of the reasons for making The Valley of the Bees in which Vláčil used costumes and decorations intended for Marketa Lazarová. The film was finished in 1967.[17][18] Some parts were shot in Slovakia.[19]

Royal Pictures

The film was originally intended to be longer. Vláčil wanted to make scenes named "Royal Pictures". These were supposed to be set at the royal court. These would feature the Czech king Wenceslaus I of Bohemia and the conflict between him and his son Ottokar II of Bohemia. These scenes were never filmed because the budget was already too high and the film would be longer than three hours.[20]

Plot

The first picture would show old Kristián coming to the Royal Court asking for help to save his son. Present nobels would blame the king for being passive in the matter. The second picture would be set two years prior to the events. It would show the prince being convinced to overthrow his father. The prince would then start remembering when his father returned from a hunt injured and met his sons. The prince was afraid of him. Another picture would be set in the aftermath of the film's events. Pivo brings old Kristián and Alexandra to the king. Alexandra is to be punished for murdering young Kristián but old Kristián asks to pardon her because of her pregnancy. The king orders the prince to be brought to the court. The prince was imprisoned after his attempt to overthrow the king. Pivo starts remembering events of the military campaign against Kozlík. The king unsuccessfully tries to humiliate his son; the question of pardon for Alexandra becomes a secondary matter as the conflict between king and prince becomes a conflict about conception of rule. The king leaves the decision about pardon to Alexandra to Kristián.[21]

Soundtrack

File:Marketa Lazarová Soundtrack.jpg
Cover art for the soundtrack.

The music for Marketa Lazarová was composed by Zdeněk Liška. It is based on medieval composition. There are motives of Gregorian chant. The music emphasizes the conflict between the Christian and the Pagan world.[22]

The soundtrack was released in 1996 as part of edition by publishers ZÓNA and BONTON Music. The soundtrack was preserved only in a film strip so it had to be taken of the strip and reconstructed. It was divided into 17 relatively independent compositions. Dialogues couldn't be removed from the compositions. The names of compositions are mostly based on chapters of the film.[23]

In 2015, Petr Ostrouch was permitted by Liška's descendants to make a concert of music from Marketa Lazarová.[24] It was held on 9 October 2015 at Karlín. It was part of the musical festival Struny podzimu (Strings of Autumn).[25][26]

Num Original Name English Name Lengh
1. Prolog Prolog 3:22
2. Říšská Cesta Imperial Way 3:03
3. Pan Lazar Mr. Lazar 4:36
4. Na Roháčku At Roháček 3:55
5. Rajská Sonáta The Sonata of Paradise 3:37
6. Kozlík Kozlík 3:13
7. Dcera Lazarova Lazar's Daughter 6:35
8. Hejtman Pivo Captain pivo 3:13
9. V Klášteře In the Monastery 3:07
10. Únos Abduction 4:24
11. Straba Straba 6:22
12. Pod Šancí Under Šance 2:38
13. Dubový Háj Oak Grove 7:15
14. Návrat Na Obořiště Return to Obořiště 3:19
15. Boží Milost God's Grace 8:05
16. Marketina Svatba Marketa's Marriage 3:32
17. Epilog Epilog 2:40
Source:[27]

Differences between the film and novel

Vladislav Vančura

The film is based on Vladislav Vančura's novel of the same name.[28] The film isn't a faithful adaptation and there are many differences. [29] The film includes some elements from Obrazy z dějin národa českého that weren't present in the Marketa Lazarová novel. The character of Monk Bernard and the unrealised Royal Pictures originate from Obrazy z dějin národa českého.[30]

The novel wasn't a historically accurate capture of the age of setting. The film tries to be more historically accurate wanted to capture the world of 13th century. It was visible in the Royal Pictures that was to be set at the Royal Court of Wenceslaus I of Bohemia.[31]

Another major difference is that Alexandra's fate is left unresolved in the film. This was caused by the removal of the Royal Pictures that would include her trial at the royal court and suicide.[30]

Release

The film premiered on 24 November 1967. The film was watched by 1.3 million people in theaters.[2]

On 30 August 1974, Marketa Lazarová premiered in the United States. It was shortened to 100 minutes for the American market. Reviews for this version were mixed.[11][32]

The digitized version of Marketa Lazarová premiered at 2011 Karlovy Vary International Film Festival. The film was then distributed in cinemas since 13 October 2011.[33]

Video release

The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray by the Criterion Collection in 2012.[34]

Reception

Critical reception

The film has received universal acclaim from critics. It has a 91% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 11 reviews.[35] In 1968, the magazine Film a doba held a survey of film critics to choose the best Czechoslovak film of 1967. Marketa Lazarová won the survey and received 344 votes, beating films such as Firemens Ball and Daisies. It also received more votes than any film from foreign films category.[36] During Karlovy Vary International Film Festival in 1994 Marketa Lazarová was voted the best Czech film ever made.[37] The film was also voted the greatest Czech film of all time in a national critics' poll.[38] Marketa Lazarová also won several awards. It was awarded at Mar del Plata International Film Festival and Edinburgh International Film Festival.[39]

Public reception

The film was also successful in audiences. It was attended by more than 1 million people in Czechoslovak cinemas.[2]

Accolades

Date of ceremony Event Category Recipient(s) Result Ref(s)
1965 Artistic competition at 20th anniversary of Liberation of Czechoslovakia Writing František Vláčil, František Pavlíček Won [29]
1967 Trilobit Award Best Director František Vláčil Won [40]
Design Production Oldřich Okáč Won
V. Competition for the best musical work for film and television Main Award Zdeněk Liška Won [41]
XVIII. Worker's Film Festival Cheb Jury Award Won [29]
Litvínov Jury Award Won
Opava Jury Award Won
Pardubice Audience Award Won
1968 Mar del Plata International Film Festival Best Film František Vláčil Nominated [42]
Little Condor for artistic and historical values František Vláčil Won [43]
Minister of Culture Award Lyrical and artistically inventive work František Vláčil Won [40]
Klement Gottwald State Award Writing and realisation František Vláčil, František Pavlíček Won [44][45]
Financial award for evaluation of Barandov Studio The most successful film František Vláčil Won [29]
Competition of Music Made for Film created in 1967 Main Award Zdeněk Liška Won [29]
Edinburgh International Film Festival Honourable Diploma Won [29]
1992 Karlovy Vary International Film Festival Crystal Globe František Vláčil Nominated [46]
1998 Survey of Czech and Slovak film critics Best Czech-Slovak film ever made Won [29]

Legacy

Marketa Lazarová is widely considered the best Czech film ever made and the best film directed by František Vláčil. It is also considered one of the best historical films of all time.[47] The film was already critically acclaimed in 1967 and received many positive reviews and won a survey for the best film. Vláčil himself wasn't satisfied with the film and stated that he expected more. The reason for his dissatisfaction was the failure to realise Royal Pictures as he believed that it was a pivotal part of the film.[48]

There was a survey of journalist during the 1994 Karlovy Vary International Film Festival to choose the best Czech film ever made. Marketa Lazarová won the survey.[15] Another poll was held in 1998. 55 Czech and Slovak film critics and publicists voted Marketa Lazarová the Best Czech-Slovak film of all time.[4] Marketa Lazarová also topped a 2007 survey of Reflex magazine publicists.[49] Týden.cz held surveys to choose the best Czech film of every epoch. Marketa Lazarová was voted the best Czech film of the 1965-1967 period.[50]

Digitization

Prague Studio UPP digitized Marketa Lazarová in 2011. Restorers removed all damage to the film but did not change anything of the film. They worked with the official version of the film but also with the negative. Restoration cost 2 million Czech crowns. It was financed by the Czech Ministry of Culture and Karlovy Vary International Film Festival. The digitized version of the film premiered on 2 July 2011 at Karlovy Vary film festival.[51]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Marketa Lazarová". The Criterion Collection. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
  2. ^ a b c "Restaurovaná Marketa Lazarová vyšla na DVD". Lidovky.cz. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
  3. ^ "Koupíme si za dnešní plat více než před dvaceti lety?". iDNES.cz. 4 June 2002. Retrieved 26 August 2016.
  4. ^ a b "TOP 10 CESKO-SLOVENSKEHO HRANEHO FILMU". Mestska kina Uherske Hradiste (in Czech). 1998. Archived from the original on 2 October 1999.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g "Nostalghia.cz - Marketa Lazarová". nostalghia.cz. Retrieved 26 August 2016.
  6. ^ "Filmy režiséra Františka Vláčila". Rozhlas.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  7. ^ 2003-2016, Filmová databáze s.r.o. (FDb.cz),. "Marketa Lazarová (1967)". FDb.cz. Retrieved 26 August 2016. {{cite web}}: |last1= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ "VERTIGO | Marketa Lazarová". www.closeupfilmcentre.com. Retrieved 26 August 2016.
  9. ^ "Marketa Lazarová – The greatest Czech film of all time". Lisa Thatcher. 6 March 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  10. ^ "'Marketa Lazarova', a Haunting Czech Epic, Will Entrance You". PopMatters. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  11. ^ a b Hoberman, J. "Prague's Savage Spring". The New York Review of Books. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  12. ^ "Marketa jediná zvítězí!". A2.cz. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  13. ^ a b Humpolcem, Hrad Orlík nad. "Filmové obrazy středověku - Castrum o.p.s." www.castrum.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  14. ^ "Hrad Rabí". Země filmů (in Czech). Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  15. ^ a b Ceska Televize;. "Marketa Lazarová". Česká televize (in Czech). Retrieved 8 August 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ "Drsná Šumava vykouzlila na plátně syrovou atmosféru filmové epopeje". Českobudějovický deník (in Czech). 22 August 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
  17. ^ "5. ledna 2015". Nostalghia. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
  18. ^ "Marketa Lazarová - Zajímavosti". CSFD.cz. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
  19. ^ "Markéta Lazarová". www.filmovamista.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 6 September 2017.
  20. ^ "Nostalghia.cz - Marketa Lazarová". nostalghia.cz. Retrieved 26 August 2016.
  21. ^ "František Vláčil: Markéta Lazarová V noci jsem snil, že jsem motýlem". www.odaha.com (in Czech). Retrieved 8 September 2017.
  22. ^ "Hudba z filmu Marketa Lazarová zazní poprvé v koncertním provedení". iROZHLAS (in Czech). Retrieved 8 August 2017.
  23. ^ "Nostalghia.cz - Marketa Lazarová". www.nostalghia.cz. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
  24. ^ Černíček, Jan (18 September 2015). "Liškovi dědici svolili k prvnímu koncertnímu uvedení hudby z Markety Lazarové". Hospodářské noviny (in Czech). Retrieved 8 August 2017.
  25. ^ TYDEN, www.tyden.cz (15 September 2015). "Struny podzimu uvedou koncert hudby z filmu Marketa Lazarová". TÝDEN.cz. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
  26. ^ Dobrovská, Wanda. "Marketa Lazarová jako oratorium" (in Czech). Retrieved 8 August 2017.
  27. ^ "Zdeněk Liška - Marketa Lazarová Soundtrack". Discogs. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
  28. ^ Herman, Mik. "Markéta Lazarová, mistrovská Vančurova kniha a Vláčilův nejlepší film". Čítárny – Příběhy, knihy, lidé (in Czech). Retrieved 6 September 2017.
  29. ^ a b c d e f g "Marketa Lazarová (1967)". Filmový přehled (in Czech). Retrieved 6 September 2017.
  30. ^ a b "Nostalghia.cz - Marketa Lazarová". nostalghia.cz. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
  31. ^ "Přes Vláčilův film až ke knize - Markéta Lazarová | KOSMAS.cz". www.kosmas.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  32. ^ "Movie Review - - Screen: 'Marketa Lazarova' Opens:Czech Production Is a Medieval Hodgepodge The Cast Savage Koslik Clan Is Noted for Brutality - NYTimes.com". www.nytimes.com. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  33. ^ "Fanoušci Vláčila se dočkali, Marketa Lazarová je konečně v kinech". iDNES.cz. 13 October 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
  34. ^ "Mad about 'Marketa': A few words about the Czech classic". The Same Cinema Every Night. 19 June 2013. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
  35. ^ "Marketa Lazarová". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
  36. ^ "Nejlepší filmy 1967". Film a doba: 64–65. 1968. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  37. ^ Novotny, Michal. "Festivalové ozvěny: 20. týden - filmserver.cz". filmserver.cz. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
  38. ^ Marketa Lazarová on kfilmu.net (in Czech)
  39. ^ "Restaurovaná Marketa Lazarová vyšla na DVD". Lidovky.cz. 8 December 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
  40. ^ a b 2003-2017, Filmová databáze s.r.o. (FDb.cz),. "Marketa Lazarová (1967)". FDb.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 10 August 2017. {{cite web}}: |last1= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  41. ^ "Zdeněk Liška". Filmový přehled (in Czech). Retrieved 10 August 2017.
  42. ^ "Marketa Lazarová". IMDB. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
  43. ^ "Festival Internacional de cine (Mar del plata 1968)". www.ecured.cu (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 August 2017.
  44. ^ "František Pavlíček" (PDF). National Film Archive. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
  45. ^ "František Vláčil" (PDF). National Film Archive. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
  46. ^ "Mezinárodní Filmový Festival Karlovy Vary 1992". www.nafilmy.com (in Czech). Retrieved 17 August 2017.
  47. ^ "Hrad na čas ovládl nejlepší český filmař". Aktuálně.cz - Víte, co se právě děje (in Czech). 15 February 2008. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
  48. ^ "Nostalghia.cz - Marketa Lazarová". nostalghia.cz. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
  49. ^ "10 nejlepších českých filmů podle čtenářů Reflexu. Nejraději máte Pelíšky!". Reflex.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 30 September 2017.
  50. ^ "ANKETA: Suverénním vítězem je Marketa Lazarová". TÝDEN.cz. 31 May 2010. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
  51. ^ televize, Česká. "Marketa Lazarová jako nová". ČT24 (in Czech). Retrieved 8 August 2017.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marketa_Lazarová&oldid=815004584"