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Michael Derrick Hudson

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For other people with similar names, see Michael Hudson and Michael Derrick.
Michael Derrick Hudson
Born1963 (age 60–61)
Wabash, Indiana, United States
NationalityAmerican
Other namesYi-Fen Chou
Alma materIndiana University Bloomington
Occupation(s)librarian, genealogist, poet
Employer(s)Allen County Public Library, Fort Wayne, Indiana
Known forUsing a Chinese female pseudonym in seeking publication

Michael Derrick Hudson (born 1963) is an American poet and librarian. Hudson is employed at the Genealogy Center of the Allen County Public Library in Fort Wayne where his job includes encoding articles for the Periodical Source Index (PERSI).[1][2]

As a poet, Hudson has been published in several journals and literary reviews. His poems were nominated for the Pushcart Prize by the Greensboro Review and North American Review. Hudson gained attention by publishing a poem in the literary periodical Prairie Schooner which then was selected by poet and novelist Sherman Alexie for the 2015 edition of the Best American Poetry anthology series. Hudson, who is Caucasian, claimed to have submitted the poem and been rejected 40 times under his own name. He then used the pen name of Yi-Fen Chou, putatively a Chinese female, and it was accepted for publication.

Critics and people within the poetry community were critical of Hudson's use of a pseudonym. Some called it racist, an act of "yellowface," or describing it as "literary fraud". Others were critical of the publishing establishment for inserting affirmative action and identity politics into the editorial selection process, and said Hudson's success after adopting an Asian-sounding pen name showed that literary journals apply different standards of literary quality based on race and gender.

Early life and education

Michael Derrick Hudson was born in 1963 in Wabash, Indiana in the United States.[3][4] He graduated from Wayne High School in 1982.[5] After high school, Hudson attended Indiana University Bloomington.[4] He currently lives in Fort Wayne, Indiana, where he is employed as a librarian at the Genealogy Center of the Allen County Public Library in Fort Wayne.[4]

Poetry

Hudson's poems have been published in several literary journals and magazines, including the The Georgia Review, The Iowa Review, New Letters, Washington Square, Fugue, and Baltimore Review, amongst others.[3][6] Several of which have garnered him minor poetry and manuscript prizes.[2][3] Hudson's poems have been nominated for the Pushcart Prize ("Man vs. Nature" and "Ahnentafel") by the Greensboro Review and North American Review.[2][7][8] In 2011, Hudson was recognized as an Honorable Mention for the North American Review's James Hearst Poetry Prize.[9] In March 2015, two of his poems, "End of Days Advice from an Ex-zombie" and "Russians", were published in Poetry.[10]

Hudson's manuscript, titled The Dead Bird in the Liquor Store Parking Lot, was selected as a finalist for both the University of Wisconsin's Brittingham and Felix Pollak Poetry Prize and the Utah State University's May Swenson Poetry Award.[11] Five of his poems were named as co-winner of the 2014 Manchester Poetry Prize.[3]

Yi-Fen Chou and accusations of "yellowface"

See also: Portrayal of East Asians in Hollywood and Examples of yellowface

Hudson wrote a poem titled "The Bees, the Flowers, Jesus, Ancient Tigers, Poseidon, Adam and Eve" and claimed to have submitted it to 40 literary magazines under his own name. Hudson also claimed that after nine rejections, it was accepted for publication in Fall 2014 with four other poems by "Yi-Fen Chou" by Prairie Schooner, a literary journal affiliated with the University of Nebraska.[3][12][13][14] The New York Times reported that Hudson assumed the name of a Chinese-American high school classmate who emigrated to the United States from Taiwan in 1977 and is presently a nuclear engineer in Chicago.[5]

Hudson's poem, under the pseudonym, was considered for inclusion in the 2015 edition of the Best American Poetry anthology series to be guest-edited by Native American poet and novelist Sherman Alexie. Alexie selected the poem among the 75 poems published in the anthology. After learning of its selection, Hudson wrote to Alexie to reveal and explain his use of a pseudonym.[14] Hudson's "contributors note" in Best American Poetry explains his tactics and motivation:[3]

After a poem of mine has been rejected a multitude of times under my real name, I put Yi-Fen's name on it and send it out again. As a strategy for "placing" poems this has been quite successful for me. The poem in question ... was rejected under my real name forty (40) times before I sent it out as Yi-Fen Chou (I keep detailed submission records). As Yi-Fen the poem was rejected nine (9) times before Prairie Schooner took it. If indeed this is one of the best American poems of 2015, it took quite a bit of effort to get it into print, but I'm nothing if not persistent.[3]

In a blog post Alexie discussed his criteria in selecting poems, stating that he would "carefully look for great poems by women and people of color" who had been "underrepresented in the past". After learning of Hudson's pseudonym, Alexie admitted that he "paid more initial attention to his poem because of my perception and misperception of the poet's identity". Instead of removing the poem from the anthology, which he stated would primarily be "because of my own sense of embarrassment", Alexie said he kept it rather than to expose himself to a lie that "would have cast doubt on every poem I have chosen for BAP. It would have implied that I chose poems based only on identity". He emphasized that "In the end, I chose each poem in the anthology because I love it. And to deny my love for any of them is to deny my love for all of them."[15]

The publishing of Alexie's comment and Hudson's contributor note ignited a heated debate online, in the media, and amongst the literary world.[16][17][18] In a roundtable discussion sponsored by the PEN American Center, Korean-American poet, author and editor Alexander Chee stated that Hudson has not been asked to offer proof (nor is proof available) to support his claim that the poem had been rejected 40 times under his own name.[19] Chee said "the only reason I can think no one has made him prove it is that he is a white man, and when white men in America say they are discriminated against, people just say 'oh, ok', and do not ask them to prove it. Meanwhile, this case will be thrust at us as the sign that we are lying whenever we claim we're discriminated against".[19] According to Megan Garber, writing in The Atlantic, Hudson intended to make a point about "identity politics in the machinations of the American literary establishment, perhaps about the plight of the white man as an outgrowth of those politics—he also did it, it seems, as a matter of expediency: A pseudonym seemed to be the only way he could get this particular poem published."[20] Writing for Rumpus, Brian Spears characterized Hudson's use of a Chinese pen name to be "yellowface", and said "even in the creative world, for all our reputation as an open liberal stronghold, straight white male is the default against which all other writing is contrasted". Further, Spears opined that a white male adopting the name of a marginalized minority is an act that is both crass and offensive.[21] Slate writer Katy Waldman described Hudson's submission as an unethical "attempt to game the poetry submission system" that "reap(ed) the benefits of affirmative action".[22][23] Waldman characterizes the poem as "a poetry of grievance, and if flecks of self-mocking humor soften its despair, I'd argue that it's still slightly more interesting coming from a Chinese American writer than a white one".[22][23] However, Waldman asks whether "Hudson's immoral gambit exposed a flaw in the literary ecosystem? Why should a poem be rejected under one name and accepted under another."[22][23] Rod Dreher, writing in The American Conservative said that the poetry community "cannot have it both ways"—in seeking diversity as a chief criterion, it will sacrifice merit and fairness.[24]

See also

References

  1. ^ Poetry Foundation, Biography: Michael Derrick Hudson. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  2. ^ a b c "Michael Derrick Hudson", Painted Bride Quarterly (Drexel University). Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Michael Derrick Hudson (Yi-Fen Chou), "Contributor's Note", The Best American Poetry 2015 ed. David Lehman, Sherman Alexie (New York: Scribner, 2015), 167. ISBN 978-1-4767-0820-1
  4. ^ a b c "July/August 2014 Poetry Feature: Indiana Poetry Awards Contest Winners", Wabash Watershed, July 29, 2014. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  5. ^ a b Jennifer Schuessler, "Family Protests White Poet's Use of Chinese Pen Name", The New York Times, September 10, 2015. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  6. ^ "Scale Model of a World War II Airplane", "Second Week of April Three Days after My Prescription Ran Out", and contributor biography at Baltimore Review (Winter 2014). Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  7. ^ Michael Derrick Hudson, "Man vs. Nature", The Greensboro Review, Number 88 (Fall 2010).
  8. ^ Emily A. Benton, "2010 Pushcart Nominees", The Official Blog of the Greensboro Review, December 3, 2010. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  9. ^ Michael Derrick Hudson, "The Mummy Declines His Curse", and Abbey Cornett, In Artist Statements, Blog, Craft of Writing, James Hearst Poetry Prize, Publishing Addendums: "Throwback Saturday featuring Michael Hudson with "The Mummy Declines His Curse" from issue 296.2", North American Review, September 20, 2014. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  10. ^ Michael Derrick Hudson, "End of Days Advice from an Ex-zombie" and "Russians", Poetry (March 2015). Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  11. ^ "Contributor's Notes", Madison Review. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  12. ^ Yi-Fen Chou (Michael Derrick Hudson), "The Bees, the Flowers, Jesus, Ancient Tigers, Poseidon, Adam and Eve", "Taxonomy of My Fossil Megafaunal Heart", "Why I Never Amounted to Much: My Graduation from Ohio State (December 1988)", and "Lament for the American Space Program on Halloween Night", Prairie Schooner 88.3 (Fall 2014), 40–43. doi: 10.1353/psg.2014.0118
  13. ^ Jia Tolentino, "If You're a White Man Who Can't Get Published Under Your Own Name, Take the Hint", jezebel.com, Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  14. ^ a b Jennifer Schuessler, "A White Poet Borrows a Chinese Name and Sets Off Fireworks", The New York Times, September 8, 2015. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  15. ^ Sherman Alexie, "Sherman Alexie Speaks Out on The Best American Poetry 2015", The Best American Poetry blog, September 07, 2015. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  16. ^ Hillel Italie, "Poem by white man using a Chinese name draws heat", The China Post (Taiwan), September 10, 2015. Retrieved September 21, 2015.
  17. ^ Malcolm Jones, "How a Con Man Shook Up the Poetry World", The Daily Beast, September 9, 2015. Retrieved September 21, 2015.
  18. ^ Editor, "Why A White Poet Posed As Asian To Get Published, And What's Wrong With That", WGBH (NPR Affiliate), September 11, 2015. Retrieved September 21, 2015.
  19. ^ a b Antonio Aiello (editor), and others, "Equity in Publishing: What Should Editors Be Doing?" (roundtable discussion), PEN American Center, 2015. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  20. ^ Megan Garber, "Who Decides What Makes a Poem Great?", The Atlantic, September 8, 2015. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  21. ^ Brian Spears, "Yellowface in Poetry", The Rumpus, September 7, 2012. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  22. ^ a b c Katy Waldman, "The White Poet Who Used an Asian Pseudonym to Get Published Is a Cheater, Not a Crusader", Slate (Lexicon Valley Blog), September 7, 2015. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  23. ^ a b c Katy Waldman "Is this racist or white privilege? After poem rejected 40 times, white poet publishes it under Asian name", National Post, September 8, 2015. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  24. ^ Rod Dreher, "Actually, That Poem Sounds Better in Chinese", The American Conservative, September 9, 2015. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
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