Minor shoulder-knot

Minor shoulder-knot
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Noctuidae
Genus:	Brachylomia
Species:	B. viminalis
Binomial name
	Brachylomia viminalis; (Fabricius, 1776)

The minor shoulder-knot (Brachylomia viminalis) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is distributed throughout Europe then East across the Palearctic to Siberia and Japan. It also occurs in Turkey.

This is a fairly small species with a wingspan of 29–34 mm. It usually has pale grey forewings with darker markings towards the base, including the prominent black mark at the root of the wing which gives the species its common name. However this is a variable species and darker forms exist, including examples of industrial melanism which are prevalent in some towns and cities. The characteristic basal markings are not usually apparent on such individuals. The hindwings are pale or dark grey. The species flies at night in July and August ^[1] and is attracted to light and sugar, as well as various flowers.

Technical description

Forewing dark or pale grey varied with fuscous; the base diffusely darker;the median shade broadly blackish; lines pale, approximating below middle, where they are conversely marked with black; a short black streak on base of submedian fold; claviform stigma long, black-edged, touching or connected with outer line; orbicular and reniform pale, with black outlines, the reniform sometimes white;submarginal line pale, preceded by a rufous grey shade; hindwing brownish grey; fringe pale, often rufous, like the lateral and anal tufts of abdomen; in saliceti Bkh. the inner half of wing is dark, limited by the median shade, the outer half much paler; ab. stricta Esp. is a grey or brown form, with the terminal area only pale, and the costal edge red; a rarer form of which, ab. rufescens ab. nov. [Warren], has the whole forewing and the underside of both wings suffused with rufous; obscura Stgr. is a darker common form,more uniformly dark grey, of which unicolor Tutt, from the north of England, a nearly black form, is an extreme development: scripta Hbn. the commonest form in the S. of England, has the ground colour white or grey white; ab. suffusa ab nov.[Warren] is a form with the white forewing suffused with smoky brown obliterating the lines, and leaving only the stigmata with their black outlines visible.^[1]

Larva whitish green, with all the lines whiter, and the tubercles whitish.The larva feeds on willows,between united leaves.^[2] spinning leaves together in order to feed undisturbed. The species overwinters as an egg.

^ The flight season refers to the British Isles. This may vary in other parts of the range.

References

Notes

^ Seitz, A. Ed., 1914 Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde, Verlag Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart Band 3: Abt. 1, Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen eulenartigen Nachtfalter, 1914
^ "Robinson, G. S., P. R. Ackery, I. J. Kitching, G. W. Beccaloni & L. M. Hernández, 2010. HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. Natural History Museum, London".

Bibliography

Chinery, Michael Collins Guide to the Insects of Britain and Western Europe 1986 (Reprinted 1991)
Skinner, Bernard Colour Identification Guide to Moths of the British Isles 1984

External links

[1] Seitz, A. Ed., 1914 Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde, Verlag Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart Band 3: Abt. 1, Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen eulenartigen Nachtfalter, 1914

[2] "Robinson, G. S., P. R. Ackery, I. J. Kitching, G. W. Beccaloni & L. M. Hernández, 2010. HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. Natural History Museum, London".

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