Mirafra
| Mirafra | |
|---|---|
_in_Kolkata_W_IMG_4596.jpg)
| |
| Bengal bush lark (Mirafra assamica) in Kolkata (West Bengal, India) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Alaudidae |
| Genus: | Mirafra Horsfield, 1821 |
| Diversity | |
| 24 species (but see text) | |
| |
| global range of genus[1] | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Mirafra is a genus of lark in the Alaudidae family. Some Mirafra species are called "larks", while others are called "bush larks". They are found from Africa through South Asia to Australia.
Taxonomy and systematics
The phylogeny of larks (Alaudidae) was reviewed by Alström et al. (2013) who found that the following species form a well supported monophyletic group, which is the sister lineage to Heteromirafra.[2]
Extant species
The genus contains twenty-four species:[3]
- Eastern clapper lark (Mirafra fasciolata)
- Cape clapper lark (Mirafra apiata)
- Red-winged lark (Mirafra hypermetra)
- Rufous-naped lark (Mirafra africana)
- Flappet lark (Mirafra rufocinnamomea)
- Angolan lark (Mirafra angolensis)
- Williams's lark (Mirafra williamsi)
- Monotonous lark (Mirafra passerina)
- Melodious lark (Mirafra cheniana)
- Horsfield's bush lark (Mirafra javanica)
- Singing bush lark (Mirafra cantillans)
- Burmese bush lark (Mirafra microptera)
- Bengal bush lark (Mirafra assamica)
- Indochinese bush lark (Mirafra erythrocephala)
- Indian bush lark (Mirafra erythroptera)
- Jerdon's bush lark (Mirafra affinis)
- Gillett's lark (Mirafra gilletti)
- Rusty bush lark (Mirafra rufa)
- Collared lark (Mirafra collaris)
- Ash's lark (Mirafra ashi)
- Somali lark (Mirafra somalica)
- Friedmann's lark (Mirafra pulpa)
- Kordofan lark (Mirafra cordofanica)
- White-tailed lark (Mirafra albicauda)
Former species
Some authorities, either presently or formerly, recognize several additional species as belonging to the genus Mirafra including:
- Short-clawed lark (as Mirafra chuana)[4]
- Dusky lark (as Mirafra nigricans)[5]
- Rufous-rumped lark (as Mirafra erythropygia or Mirafra nigricans erythropygia)[6]
- Indian desert finch-lark (as Mirafra phoenicuroides)[7]
- Rufous-tailed lark (as Mirafra phoenicura)[8]
- Madagascan lark (as Mirafra hova)[9]
- Sabota lark (as Mirafra sabota)[10]
- Bradfield's lark (as Mirafra naevia)[11]
- Pink-breasted lark (as Mirafra poecilosterna)[12]
- Foxy lark (as Mirafra alopex)[13]
- Masai fawn-coloured lark (as Mirafra intercedens)[14]
- Fawn-coloured lark (as Mirafra africanoides)[15]
- Karoo lark (as Mirafra albescens or Mirafra nivosa)[16]
- Red lark (as Mirafra burra)[17]
- Dune lark (as Mirafra erythrochlamys)[18]
- Barlow's lark (as Mirafra erythrochlamys barlowi)[19]
- Rudd's lark (as Mirafra ruddi)[20]
- Archer's lark (as Mirafra archeri)[21]
- Sidamo lark (as Mirafra sidamoensis)[22]
- Ngaundere sun lark (as Mirafra strümpelli)[23]
- Uele sun lark (as Mirafra bucolica)[24]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mirafra.
References
- ^ Based on maps in the Handbook of the Birds of the World and the BirdLife Datazone
- ^ Alström, Per; Barnes, Keith N.; Olsson, Urban; Barker, F. Keith; Bloomer, Paulette; Khan, Aleem Ahmed; Qureshi, Masood Ahmed; Guillaumet, Alban; Crochet, Pierre-Andre; Ryan, Peter G. (2013). "Multilocus phylogeny of the avian family Alaudidae (larks) reveals complex morphological evolution, non-monophyletic genera and hidden species diversity". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 69: 1043–1056. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.005.
- ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2018). "Nicators, reedling, larks". World Bird List Version 8.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
- ^ "Certhilauda chuana - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-11.
- ^ "Pinarocorys nigricans - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-11.
- ^ "Pinarocorys erythropygia - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-11.
- ^ "Ammomanes deserti phoenicuroides - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-16.
- ^ "Ammomanes phoenicura - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-17.
- ^ "Eremopterix hova - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-14.
- ^ "Calendulauda sabota - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
- ^ "Calendulauda naevia - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
- ^ "Calendulauda poecilosterna - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
- ^ "Calendulauda alopex - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
- ^ "Calendulauda intercedens - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
- ^ "Calendulauda africanoides - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
- ^ "Calendulauda albescens - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-18.
- ^ "Calendulauda burra - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-19.
- ^ "Calendulauda erythrochlamys - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-19.
- ^ "Calendulauda barlowi - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-19.
- ^ "Heteromirafra ruddi - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-21.
- ^ "Heteromirafra archeri - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-21.
- ^ "Heteromirafra sidamoensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-21.
- ^ "Galerida modesta struempelli - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
- ^ "Galerida modesta bucolica - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
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