Moša Pijade
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Moša Pijade | |
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| 5th President of the Federal Assembly of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia | |
| In office 29 January 1954 – 15 March 1957 | |
| Preceded by | Milovan Djilas |
| Succeeded by | Petar Stambolic |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 4 January 1890 Belgrade, Kingdom of Serbia |
| Died | 15 March 1957 (aged 67) Paris, French Fourth Republic |
| Nationality | Yugoslav |
| Political party | League of Communists of Yugoslavia (SKJ) |
| Spouse | Lepa Pijade |
| Occupation | Painter, Art critic, Publicist, Revolutionary, Resistance commander, Statesman |
| Awards |  Order of the People's Hero Order of the Hero of Socialist Labour Order of the brotherhood and unity Order of the partisan star Order of the National liberation Order for courageousness |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia |
| Branch/service | Yugoslav People's Army |
| Rank | Major General of Yugoslav People's Army |
| Commands | Yugoslav Partisans Yugoslav People's Army |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
Moša Pijade (Serbian Cyrillic: Мoшa Пиjaдe; 4 January 1890 – 15 March 1957), nicknamed Čiča Janko (Чича Јанко, lit. "Uncle Janko") was a prominent Yugoslavian/Serbian Communist of Sephardic Jewish origin, a close collaborator of Josip Broz Tito, former President of Yugoslavia, and full member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.
Life and career
In his youth, Pijade was a painter, art critic and publicist. He was also known for translating Das Kapital by Karl Marx into Serbo-Croatian. He is thought to have had a major influence on Marxist ideology as exposed during the old regime in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. In 1925, he was sentenced to 20 years in prison because of his 'revolutionary activities' after World War I. He was discharged after 14 years in 1939 and imprisoned again in 1941 in the camp Bileća.
Pijade was one of the leaders of the Uprising in Montenegro[1] His ruthless cruelty toward the people who refused to join his units was noted. He was subsequently recalled to the communist headquarter because of the issues connected to the uprising.[2] Under influence of Pijade and Milovan Đilas an extreme prosecution of "leftist errors" was pursued by the Partisans in Montenegro.[3]
Pijade was known as the creator of so-called 'Foča regulations' (1942), which prescribed the foundation and activity of people's liberation committees in the liberated territories during the war against the Nazis. In November 1943, before the second AVNOJ meeting in Jajce, he initiated the foundation of Tanjug, which later became the state news agency of SFR Yugoslavia, nowadays of Serbia.
Pijade held high political posts during and after World War II and was a member of the Central Committee and the Politburo of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. He was one of the leaders of Tito's partisans and was subsequently proclaimed People's Hero of Yugoslavia. He was one of six Vice Presidents of the Presidium of the Yugoslavian Parliament (deputy head of state) 1945–53.
In 1948 Pijade convinced Tito to allow those Jews who remained in Yugoslavia to emigrate to Israel. Tito agreed on a one-time exception basis. As a result, 3,000 Jews were allowed to emigrate from Yugoslavia to Israel on the SS Kefalos in December 1948. Among those was Tommy Lapid who became Deputy Prime Minister of Israel and is the father of Yair Lapid.[4]
After having led the law commission of the Parliament, Pijade was Vice-President (1953–54) and President of the Yugoslavian Parliament or Skupština (1954–55). In 1957, he died in Paris during the return from a visit to London, where he had talks as leader of a Yugoslav parliamentary delegation.
Streets in many cities of the former Yugoslav countries were once named after him.
See also
- Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
- Titoism
- Collectivism
- Josip Broz Tito
- Partisans (Yugoslavia)
- Milovan Đilas
- Edvard Kardelj
Notes
- ^ Djilas, Milovan (1980). Tito: the story from inside. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. p. 183. ISBN 978-0-15-190474-7.
Mosa Pijade (1890-1957) Prominent Party theoretician of Serbian Jewish origin. With Djilas he led the Partisan uprising in Montenegro in 1941.
- ^ Center, Free Europe Committee. Mid-European Studies (1957). Yugoslavia. Mid-European Studies Center of the Free Europe Committee. p. 431.
...he organized the uprising in the summer of 1941, noted for the ruthless cruelty used against those who refused to join. Thereafter, mainly because of the circumstances of the uprising, recalled to Headquarters...
- ^ Goulding, Daniel J. (2002). Liberated Cinema: The Yugoslav Experience, 1945–2001. Indiana University Press. p. 14. ISBN 0-253-34210-4.
Under the influence of Milovan Djilas and the Marxist intellectual Mosa Pijade, however, the Partisan forces in Montenegro followed an extremist political line
- ^ Yair Lapid Memories After My Death: The Story of Joseph 'Tommy' Lapid Page 81
References
- Jaša Romano (1980). "Jews of Yugoslavia 1941 - 1945" (PDF). Federation of Jewish communities of Yugoslavia. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
- "Šezdeset godina Tanjugove fotografije:Vili Šimunov Barba". Tanjug.
- Sephardic Jews and Communism
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