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Moms Mabley

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Moms Mabley
Appearance on The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour
in 1968
Birth nameLoretta Mary Aiken
Born(1894-03-19)March 19, 1894
Brevard, North Carolina
DiedMay 23, 1975(1975-05-23) (aged 81)
White Plains, New York
Mediumvaudeville, television, stand-up, film
NationalityUnited States
Years active1919–1975
GenresSocial satire

Loretta Mary Aiken (March 19, 1894 – May 23, 1975), known by her stage name Jackie "Moms" Mabley, was an American standup comedian. A veteran of the Chitlin' circuit of African-American vaudeville, she later appeared on the Ed Sullivan Show and the The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour.[1]

Early years

Loretta Mary Aiken was born in Brevard, North Carolina on March 19, 1894[2] to James Aiken and Mary Smith, who married on May 21, 1891, in Transylvania County, North Carolina.[3] She was one of a family of 16 children.[4] Her father owned and operated several businesses, while her mother kept house and took in boarders. Her father, a volunteer fireman, died when a fire engine exploded when Loretta was eleven.[4] In 1910, her mother took over their primary business, a general store. She was run over by a truck while coming home from church on Christmas Day.[4]

By age 14, Mabley had been raped twice and had two children who were given up for adoption.[5] At age 14, Mabley ran away to Cleveland, Ohio, joining a traveling vaudeville show, where she sang and entertained.[6]

Career

She took her stage name, Jackie Mabley, from an early boyfriend, commenting to Ebony in a 1970s interview that he had taken so much from her, it was the least she could do to take his name.[7] Later she became known as "Moms" because she was indeed a "Mom" to many other comedians on the circuit in the 1950s and 1960s. She came out as a lesbian at the age of twenty-seven, becoming one of the first openly gay comedians.[8]

During the 1920s and 1930s she appeared in androgynous clothing (as she did in the film version of The Emperor Jones with Paul Robeson) and recorded several of her early "lesbian stand-up" routines. Mabley was one of the top women doing stand-up in her heyday, eventually recording more than 20 albums of comedy routines. She appeared in movies, on television, and in clubs.

Mabley was one of the most successful entertainers of the Chitlin' circuit, earning US$10,000 a week at Harlem's Apollo Theater at the height of her career. She made her New York City debut at Connie's Inn in Harlem.[9] In the 1960s, she became known to a wider white audience, playing Carnegie Hall in 1962,[10] and making a number of mainstream TV appearances, particularly her multiple appearances on the The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour when that CBS show was number one on television in the late 1960s, which introduced her to a whole new Boomer audience.[11][12]

Mabley was billed as "The Funniest Woman in the World". She tackled topics too edgy for many other comics of the time, including racism. One of her regular themes was a romantic interest in handsome young men rather than old "washed-up geezers", and she got away with it courtesy of her stage persona, where she appeared as a toothless, bedraggled woman in a house dress and floppy hat.[13][14] She also added the occasional satirical song to her jokes, and her (completely serious and melancholy) cover version of "Abraham, Martin and John" hit #35 on the Billboard Hot 100 on 19 July 1969. At 75 years old, Moms Mabley became the oldest living person ever to have a US Top 40 hit (Louis Armstrong, who would have been 86 when "What a Wonderful World" became a hit in 1988, is the oldest overall, although Armstrong was younger than Mabley when the song was recorded).

Personal life

Mabley had six children: Bonnie, Christine, Charles, and Yvonne Ailey,[9][15] and two given up for adoption when she was a teenager.[16] She died from heart failure in White Plains, New York on May 23, 1975.[1] She is interred at Ferncliff Cemetery, Hartsdale, New York.

Legacy

She is the subject of Whoopi Goldberg Presents Moms Mabley, a documentary film which first aired on HBO on November 18, 2013.[17] This documentary was nominated for two Creative Arts Emmy Awards at the 66th ceremony held on August 16, 2014, at the Nokia Theatre in Downtown Los Angeles: Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Special and Outstanding Narrator for Whoopi Goldberg. In 2015, she was named by Equality Forum as one of their 31 Icons of the 2015 LGBT History Month.[18]

Work

Discography

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b "Moms Mabley Dies at 77". Associated Press. May 23, 1975. Retrieved 2013-11-18. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  2. ^ {{Year: 1900; Census Place: Brevard, Transylvania, North Carolina; Roll: 1219; Page: 5A; Enumeration District: 0112; FHL microfilm: 1241219; Year: 1910; Census Place: Brevard, Transylvania, North Carolina; Roll: T624_1134; Page: 7A; Enumeration District: 0156; FHL microfilm: 1375147.}}
  3. ^ "North Carolina, Marriages, 1759–1979", index, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/F8GW-KPX : accessed 21 Nov 2013), James Aiken and Mary Smith, 21 May 1891.
  4. ^ a b c Leslie Bennetts, "THEATER; The Pain Behind The Laughter of Moms Mabley", The New York Times, August 9, 1987. Retrieved November 18,2013.
  5. ^ "Monday Mar. 19, 2012". The Writer's Almanac. Retrieved 20 March 2012.
  6. ^ Kliph Nesteroff (26 August 2007). "Moms Mabley - Agitation in Moderation". WFMU's Beware of the Blog. WFMU-New York. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
  7. ^ "Moms Mabley: She Finally Makes the Movies". Ebony. April 1974. p. 88. But instead of making a name for Loretta Aiken during this time, Moms was taking a name from a man named Jack Mabley. 'Jack was my first boyfriend,' Moms says... 'He took a lot off me and the least I could do was take his name.'
  8. ^ Queers in History: The Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Historical. Keith Stern. page 295.
  9. ^ a b "Moms Mabley". Encyclopædia Britannica's Guide to Black History. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. 2009. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
  10. ^ Wiegand, David (15 November 2013). "'Whoopi Goldberg Presents Moms Mabley' review". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
  11. ^ Jackie Mabley pics-celeb.com Retrieved 2010-10-30
  12. ^ ""The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson" Episode dated 21 January 1972 (TV Episode 1972)". IMDb.
  13. ^ Leslie Bennets (9 August 1987). "The Pain Behind The Laughter of Moms Mabley". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-02-16.
  14. ^ Alden Reimonenq (9 October 2007). "The Harlem Renaissance". glbtq Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
  15. ^ M.Cordell Thompson (24 July 1975). "Moms Mabley Leaves $½ Million Estate". Jet. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
  16. ^ "Moms Mabley Biography". St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture. Thomson Gale. 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-16.
  17. ^ Murphy, Mekado. "The Comedy Pioneer in the Floppy Hat", The New York Times, Sunday, November 17, 2013. It is reviewed by Emily Nussbaum in The New Yorker, November 25, 2013, pp. 128-129.
  18. ^ Malcolm Lazin (August 20, 2015). "Op-ed: Here Are the 31 Icons of 2015's Gay History Month". Advocate.com. Retrieved 2015-08-21.
  19. ^ Internet archive free download available
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