Mouse-like hamster
| Mouse-like hamsters Temporal range:
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| Calomyscus | |
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| Family: | Calomyscidae Vorontsov & Potapova, 1979
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| Genus: | Calomyscus Thomas, 1905
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Calomyscus bailwardi | |
Mouse-like hamsters are a group of small rodents found in Syria, Azerbaijan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. They are found in rocky outcrops and semi-mountainous areas in desert regions.
The mouse-like hamsters are not true hamsters, but represent an early split from the rest of the mouse-like rodents. They were once thought to be hamsters based on the shape of their molars, but they lack the cheek pouches, flank glands and short tails of the true hamsters. The closest relatives of the mouse-like hamsters may be the extinct Cricetodontidae. Because of their seemingly early break from the rest of the mouse-like rodents, mouse-like hamsters have been placed in a family of their own, Calomyscidae, and have been referred to as living fossils.
All members of the genus were once considered part of the same species, Calomyscus bailwardi, but the two are now referred to as separate species due to major differences in chromosome number, skull measurements, and other features.[1]
In Europe, a species of Calomyscus is available as a pet. They are labelled Calomyscus bailwardi mystax or Calomyscus bailwardi. They are generally only available from dedicated breeders, not pet shops.
Mouse-like hamsters hold the record for the maximum lifespan among the muroid rodents. [2] They have been known to live up to nine years, three months and 18 days in captivity, and regularly live over four years as pets. The longest maximum lifespan amongst other muroids is seven years and eight months for the canyon mouse Peromyscus crinitus. This and their low reproductive rate mean that the mouse-like hamsters are more similar in lifespan to much larger rodents such as sciurids and hystricognaths, which can both live over 10 years in captivity.
Species
Family Calomyscidae
- Genus Calomyscus
- Zagros Mountains mouse-like hamster, C. bailwardi
- Baluchi mouse-like hamster, C. baluchi
- Goodman's mouse-like hamster, C. elburzensis
- Zykov's mouse-like hamster, C. e. zykovi
- Noble mouse-like hamster, C. grandis
- Hotson's mouse-like hamster, C. hotsoni
- Great Balkhan mouse-like hamster, C. mystax
- Tsolov's mouse-like hamster, C. tsolovi
- Urar mouse-like hamster, C. urartensis
References
- Jansa, S. A. and M. Weksler. 2004. Phylogeny of muroid rodents: relationships within and among major lineages as determined by IRBP gene sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 31:256-276.
- Michaux, J., A. Reyes, and F. Catzeflis. 2001. Evolutionary history of the most speciose mammals: molecular phylogeny of muroid rodents. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 17:280-293.
- Musser, G. G. and M. D. Carleton. 2005. Superfamily Muroidea. Pp. 894-1531 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.