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Nikolai Lukin

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Nikolai Lukin
Николай Лукин
BornJuly 20, 1885
Kuskovo, Moscow County (now within the city of Moscow)
DiedJuly 19, 1940 (aged 54)
Alma materMoscow University (1909)
Scientific career
FieldsHistory
InstitutionsMoscow University,
Moscow State University,
Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union
Academic advisorsRobert Wipper

Nikolai Mikhailovich Lukin (Russian: Николай Михайлович Лукин; July 20, 1885 – July 19, 1940) was a Soviet Marxist historian and publicist. He was a leader among Soviet historians in the 1930s, after the death of Mikhail Pokrovsky.[a][1]

He was a member of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Bolsheviks) from 1904.

He was appointed an Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union on February 13, 1929, for the Department of Humanities (History),[b] expelled on September 5, 1938, and restored on April 26, 1957.[2]

Vavilov Institute of the History of Natural Science and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Biography

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Lukin was born in the village of Kuskovo in the Spasskaya volost of the Moscow Governorate (now within the city of Moscow) into the family of an elementary school teacher. Lukin was a cousin of Nikolai Bukharin;[3] Lukin's sister, Nadezhda Mikhailovna (1887–1940), was Bukharin's first wife.[citation needed][c]

He graduated with a gold medal from the 2nd Moscow Gymnasium and entered the historical and philological faculty of Moscow University (1903).

Lukin was a member of the Revolution of 1905–1907. In 1906 he became a member of the Moscow Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party. In 1907 he was arrested and after four months of imprisonment he was exiled to Yaroslavl.

At the end of 1908, he returned to Moscow and was restored at the university, from which he graduated in 1909 with a first degree diploma. His graduation work, "The Fall of the Gironde", carried out under the direction of Robert Wipper, was awarded a faculty prize. At the request of Wipper he was left at the Department of General History to prepare for the professorship. He was appointed Privatdozent (associate professor) in the same place in 1916. Many years later, Wipper recalled of him:[4] "It was interesting and useful to deal with him (Lukin). He read a lot, appreciated the sources, plunged into their analysis ... He enthusiastically and fruitfully explored the French Revolution. His thesis 'The Fall of the Gironde' was fresh, original."

From 1915, he taught at Moscow University.

He was a participant in the 1917 Revolution, when he joined the group of "Left Communists".[5]

From March 1918 he was an employee of Pravda.

In June 1918, he became a professor of the Socialist Academy (later Communist Academy ) Academy, and a full member on April 27, 1919. From 1919, he also worked at the Faculty of Social Sciences of Moscow State University, where he was dean. In 1921 he worked at the Department of History at the Yakov Sverdlov Communist University, then at the Academy of the General Staff of the Red Army, the Institute of Red Professors, and a research associate at the Institute of Russian History Association of Research Institutes of Social Sciences. Albert Manfred would later write:[6]

Vyacheslav Volgin, Nikolai Lukin–Antonov, Fedor Rothstein, David Ryazanov – this is the whole list of Marxist historians who worked in the field of foreign history, prominent scientists who stood at the origins of Soviet historiography.

In 1922, Lukin's book "The Paris Commune of 1871" laid the foundation for a new direction in his scientific research. In it, Lukin noted that the Paris Commune was the first attempt of the proletariat to give the bourgeoisie a general battle, and that is what remained in the memory of subsequent generations.[7]

In 1921, he was a member of the "Rothstein Commission". Since 1927, he was a member of the main editorial board of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, and together with Fedor Rothstein, editor of the department of modern and recent history of Western countries. In 1928, he was on a two-month scientific trip to France. In 1929, he was involved in the Academic Affairs. Since 1931, he headed the Department of Modern History at first at the Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature, and History [hy; pl; ru; uk], and since 1934, with the restoration of the History Department at Moscow State University, he headed the Department of Modern History there.

In 1932–1936, Lukin was the director of the Institute of History of the Communist Academy. From then, until February 1937, he was director of the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.[8] At that point, the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union dismissed Lukin from the post of director of the Institute of History, leaving him as a full member of the Institute, while also appointing him head of the sector of modern history there.[9]

In 1933, he headed the delegation of Soviet historians at the 7th International Congress of Historians in Warsaw. From 1933 until 1938, he was the editor-in-chief of the journal "Marxist Historian". From 1926, he had been a member of its first editorial board.[10]

In May 1937, Lukin declared: "We, comrades, are undoubtedly facing the danger of a new world war, a war that will be a decisive clash of two systems – socialist and capitalist".[11]

On August 22, 1938, Lukin was arrested, and on May 26, 1939, he was sentenced by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union, which stated that Nikolai Lukin was "found guilty of committing crimes under Articles 17-58-8 and 58-11 of the Criminal Code Code of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and sentenced to imprisonment in forced labor camps for a term of 10 years with a defeat in political rights for five years and confiscation of all personally owned property. The verdict is final and not subject to appeal".[3] At the trial, Nikolai Lukin said: "I ask the court to consider that, due to my painful condition, I could not tolerate physical influences, as a result of which I slandered myself and slandered others".[3]

He died in custody. Nikolai Lukin was buried at the Vagankovo Cemetery.[12]

On March 16, 1957, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union adopted a ruling according to which the sentence against Nikolai Lukin of May 29, 1939, was quashed "for lack of corpus delicti".[3]

Selected works

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  • "Maximilian Robespierre" (1919; 2nd Edition – 1924);
  • "Paris Commune of 1871" (1922; 2nd Edition – 1924; 3rd – 1926; 4th – 1932);
  • "From the History of Revolutionary Armies. Lectures" (1923);
  • "The Recent History of Western Europe" (1923; 2nd Edition – 1925);
  • "Essays on the Recent History of Germany. 1890–1914" (1925);
  • "The Problem of Studying the Era of Imperialism" (1930);
  • Selected Works. Volume 1–3. Moscow, 1960–1963.

Notes

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  1. ^ Lukin became Pokrovsky's successor as director of the Institute of History of the Communist Academy. After the reorganization of research institutes in 1936, he became the first director of the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.
  2. ^ His was among the first ten nominations of communist candidates for academicians of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. Nominated in 1928, Lukin was among three of these candidates (with Abram Deborin and Vladimir Fritsche) who did not receive the required two-thirds of votes at the general meeting of the Academy of Sciences on January 12, 1929; they were elected by a second ballot.
  3. ^ In his first marriage, Bukharin was married to his cousin, Nadezhda Mikhailovna Lukina, the sister of Nikolai Lukin.[citation needed]

References

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  1. ^ Nikita Moiseev. Noosphere Development and Cognition, p. 136
  2. ^ "Лукин Николай Михайлович (Н.Антонов)" [Lukin Nikolay Mikhailovich (pseudonym – N. Antonov)]. Vavilov Institute of the History of Natural Science and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (in Russian). Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation.
  3. ^ a b c d Dunaevsky 1990.
  4. ^ Chudinov 2006, fn 6.
  5. ^ Prokhorov, Alexander (ed.) (1969–1978). "Left Communists". Great Soviet Encyclopedia. (3rd ed). Moscow: Soviet Encyclopedia
  6. ^ Chudinov 2006, fn 25.
  7. ^ Dunaevsky & Tsfasman 1985.
  8. ^ Artizov, Andrey. The Fate of the Historians of the School of Mikhail Pokrovsky (mid-1930s). p. 38
  9. ^ Хроника: В Президиуме Академии Наук СССР [Chronicle: At the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences] (in Russian), 1938, The Presidium released Academician. N. M. Lukin from the post of director of the Institute of History, leaving him as a full member of the Institute and head of the Sector of New History. The Presidium appointed Academician. B. D. Grekova as acting director of the Institute of History.
  10. ^ Sheveleva, P. V. (2007). "Образ «красного профессора» (по материалам журнала «Историк-марксист»)" [The image of a 'Red professor' (based on the materials of Тhe Historian-Marxist magazine)] (PDF). Bulletin of the Chelyabinsk State University (in Russian). Vol. 22, no. 21. pp. 146–162.
    • Шевелева, П. В.. "Образ «красного профессора» (по материалам журнала «Историк-марксист»)". Вестник Челябинского государственного университета. № 21. Вып. 22. С. 146–162.
  11. ^ "Speeches by Nikolai Lukin, Vladimir Maksakov, Olga Weiland, L. I. Ryklin 1937. Institute of Red Professors." Compiled by Andrei Artizov, V. N. Chernous Domestic History. 1992. No. 2. pp. 119–146
  12. ^ Artamonov, M. D. (1993). Vagankovo. M.: Mosk. worker.[full citation needed]

Sources

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Preceded by Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences, Moscow State University
1921–1923 		Succeeded by
Victor Seryozhnikov
Preceded by Editor-in-chief of the magazine "Marxist Historian"
1933–1938 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
No
 Director of the Institute of History, Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union
1936–1937 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
No
 Responsible Editor of the collection "Historical Notes"
1937–1938 		Succeeded by
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