Normandina
| Normandina | |
|---|---|
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| |
| Normandina pulchella | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Eurotiomycetes |
| Order: | Verrucariales |
| Family: | Verrucariaceae |
| Genus: | Normandina Nyl. (1855) |
| Type species | |
| Normandina jungermanniae (Nyl.) Nyl. (1855)
| |
| Species | |
|
N. acroglypta | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
Normandina is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Verrucariaceae.[2] It has five species of crustose and squamulose (scaly) lichens.[3]
Taxonomy
[edit]The genus was circumscribed by William Nylander in 1855, with Normandina jungermanniae as the type species; that name is now treated as a synonym of N. pulchella. [4] Nylander's generic concept has had a tangled history, in part because the green, often sterile thallus (the lichen body) and the flask-shaped fruiting bodies (perithecioid ascomata) were, for a time, thought to belong to different fungi.[5]
In the late 19th and 20th centuries several segregate names were introduced for material now placed in Normandina. Delise's Lenormandia (1841) referred to the same organism but is an invalid, later-homonymous name; Ciferri and Tomaselli (1953) coined Normandinomyces for the perithecioid stage; and David and Hawksworth (1989) proposed Lauderlindsaya for a supposed lichenicolous fungus on N. pulchella.[6] This splitting was encouraged by the view that the green thallus belonged with the basidiomycetes and that the perithecioid structures were those of Sphaerulina/Mycosphaerella (Dothideales). Subsequent work showed that the perithecioid ascomata are produced by Normandina itself, and that Lauderlindsaya and Normandinomyces represent the fertile form of the same lichen and are best treated as synonyms of Normandina. [7][5][8]
Aptroot's taxonomic review assembled the full synonymy and stabilised the modern usage: Normandina is a member of the Verrucariales (family Verrucariaceae), and it includes mostly bark-dwelling species with transversely septate spores—many of which had been described earlier in Thelidium. Recent higher-level classifications continue to place the genus in Verrucariaceae.[5][8][2]
Species
[edit]- Normandina acroglypta (Norman) Aptroot (1995) – Europe
- Normandina chlorococca (Leight.) Orange (2022) – Northern Europe
- Normandina dictyospora Orange (2022) – Falkland Islands
- Normandina pulchella (Borrer) Nyl. (1861)
- Normandina simodensis (Asahina) Aptroot (1991)[7]
References
[edit]- ^ "Synonymy. Current Name: Normandina Nyl., Mém. Soc. Imp. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 3: 191 (1855)". Species Fungorum. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
- ^ a b Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2. hdl:10481/76378.
- ^ Orange, Alan (2022). "The crustose species of Normandina Verrucariaceae)". The Lichenologist. 54 (6): 371–378. doi:10.1017/s0024282922000317.
- ^ "Record Details: Normandina jungermanniae (Nyl.) Nyl., Mém. Soc. Imp. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 3: 191 (1855)". Index Fungorum. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
- ^ a b c Aptroot, André (1998). "Aspects of the integration of the taxonomy of lichenized and non-lichenized pyrenocarpous ascomycetes". The Lichenologist. 30 (4–5): 501–514. doi:10.1006/lich.1998.0151.
- ^ David, J.C.; Hawksworth, D.L. (1989). "Lauderlindsaya, a new genus in the Verrucariales for Sphaerulina chlorococca (Leighton) R. Sant" (PDF). Sydowia. 41: 108–121.
- ^ a b Aptroot, A. (1991). "A conspectus of Normandina (Verrucaricaeae, lichenized ascomycetes)". Willdenowia. 21: 263–267.
- ^ a b Muggia, Lucia; Gueidan, Cécile; Grube, Martin (2010). "Phylogenetic placement of some morphologically unusual members of Verrucariales". Mycologia. 102 (4): 835–846. doi:10.3852/09-153. PMID 20648751.