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{{distinguish2|[[Nunavik]], a region in northern Quebec, or [[Nunatsiavut]], an autonomous Inuit region in northern Newfoundland and Labrador}}
{{for|the Canadian federal electoral district|Nunavut (electoral district)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox province or territory of Canada
| Name = Nunavut
| AlternateName = <big>ᓄᓇᕗᑦ</big>
| Fullname = [[File:Nunavut.PNG|60px]]
| Flag = Flag of Nunavut.svg
| EntityAdjective = Territorial
| CoatOfArms = Coat of Arms of Nunavut.png
| Motto = ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᓴᙱᓂᕗᑦ{{nbsp|2}}<small>([[Inuktitut]])</small><br/>"Nunavut Sannginivut"<br/><small>"Our land, our strength"</small>
| Map = Nunavut in Canada.svg
| Label_map = no
| Capital = [[Iqaluit]]
| LargestCity = Iqaluit
| LargestMetro = Iqaluit
| OfficialLang = [[Inuit language|Inuit]] <small>([[Inuktitut]]{{•}}[[Inuinnaqtun]])</small><br/>English<br/>French<ref name="lang"/>
| Demonym = Nunavummiut<br/>[[wiktionary:Nunavummiuq|Nunavummiuq]]&nbsp;(''sing.'')<ref>''Nunavummiut'', the plural demonym for residents of Nunavut, appears throughout the [http://www.gov.nu.ca/English/ Government of Nunavut website], proceedings of the Nunavut legislature, and elsewhere. [http://www.oag-bvg.gc.ca/internet/English/aud_nun_200805_e_30754.html#hd5o Nunavut Housing Corporation], [http://www.tunngavik.com/2009/04/14/discussion-paper-released-to-engage-nunavummiut-on-development-of-suicide-prevention-strategy/ Discussion Paper Released to Engage Nunavummiut on Development of Suicide Prevention Strategy]. Alan Rayburn, previous head of the Canadian Permanent Committee of Geographical Names, opined that: "Nunavut is still too young to have acquired [a ''[[demonym|gentilé]]''], although ''Nunavutan'' may be an obvious choice." In ''Naming Canada: stories about Canadian place names'' 2001. (2nd ed. ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto Press. (ISBN 0-8020-8293-9); p. 50.</ref>
| ViceroyType = Commissioner
| Viceroy = [[Edna Elias]]
| Premier = [[Eva Aariak]]
| PremierParty = [[Consensus government|Independent]]
| Legislature = Legislative Assembly of Nunavut
| HouseSeats = 1
| SenateSeats = 1
| AdmittanceOrder = 13th
| AdmittanceDate = April 1, 1999
| AreaRank = 1st
| TotalArea_km2 = 2038722
| LandArea_km2 = 1877787
| WaterArea_km2 =160935
| Roads = 850
| PercentWater = 7.7
| area_footnotes =<ref name="census2011"/>
| PopulationRank = 13th
| population_footnotes=<ref name="census2011"/>
| Population = 31906
| PopulationRef =
| PopulationYear = 2011
| DensityRank = 13th
| Density_km2 = 0.015
| GDP_year = 2011
| GDP_total = C$1.964&nbsp;billion<ref name=GDP2011>{{cite web | url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/econ15-eng.htm | title=Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, by province and territory (2011) | publisher=Statistics Canada | date=November 19, 2013 | accessdate=September 26, 2013}}</ref>
| GDP_rank = 13th
| GDP_per_capita = C$58,452
| GDP_per_capita_rank = 6th
| ISOCode = CA-NU
| TimeZone = [[UTC]]-5, [[UTC]]-6, [[UTC]]-7
| PostalAbbreviation = NU
| PostalCodePrefix = [[List of X Postal Codes of Canada|X]]
| Flower = [[Saxifraga oppositifolia|Purple Saxifrage]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.assembly.nu.ca/about-legislative-assembly/official-flower-nunavut |title=The Official Flower of Nunavut: Purple Saxifrage |year=2011 |publisher=Legislative Assembly of Nunavut |accessdate=July 31, 2011 }}</ref>
| Tree = n/a
| Bird = [[Rock Ptarmigan]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.assembly.nu.ca/about-legislative-assembly/official-bird-nunavut |title=The Official Bird of Nunavut: The Rock Ptarmigan |year=2011 |publisher=Legislative Assembly of Nunavut |accessdate=July 31, 2011 }}</ref>
| Website = www.gov.nu.ca
}}
{{contains Canadian text}}

'''Nunavut''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|uː|n|ə|ˌ|v|ʊ|t}} (from [[Inuktitut]]: ᓄᓇᕗᑦ {{IPA-iu|ˈnunavut|}}) is the largest, northernmost and newest [[Provinces and territories of Canada|territory]] of [[Canada]]. It was separated officially from the [[Northwest Territories]] on April 1, 1999, via the ''[[Nunavut Act]]''<ref name=act>{{cite web |url=http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/N-28.6/index.html |title=Nunavut Act |author=Justice Canada |authorlink =Department of Justice (Canada) |year=1993 |accessdate=April 26, 2007}}</ref> and the ''[[Nunavut Land Claims Agreement]] Act'',<ref name=claims>{{cite web |url=http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/showdoc/cs/N-28.7//20070517/en?command=searchadvanced&caller=AD&search_type=bool&shorttitle=%20Nunavut%20Land%20Claims%20Agreement%20Act&day=17&month=5&year=2007&search_domain=cs&showall=L&statuteyear=all&lengthannual=50&length=50 |title=Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act |author=Justice Canada |year=1993 |accessdate=April 26, 2007}}</ref> though the boundaries had been contemplatively drawn in 1993. The creation of Nunavut resulted in the [[Territorial evolution of Canada|first major change to Canada's political map]] since the incorporation of the new province of [[Newfoundland and Labrador]] in 1949.

Nunavut comprises a major portion of [[Northern Canada]], and most of the [[Canadian Arctic Archipelago]]. Its vast territory makes it the [[List of the largest country subdivisions by area|fifth-largest country subdivision in the world]], as well as the largest in North America. The capital [[Iqaluit]] (formerly "Frobisher Bay") on [[Baffin Island]], in the east, was chosen by the [[Nunavut capital plebiscite, 1995|1995 capital plebiscite]]. Other major communities include the regional centres of [[Rankin Inlet]] and [[Cambridge Bay]]. Nunavut also includes [[Ellesmere Island]] to the far north, as well as the eastern and southern portions of [[Victoria Island (Canada)|Victoria Island]] in the west and [[Akimiski Island]] in [[James Bay]] to the far south. It is the only geo-political region of Canada that is not connected to the rest of North America by highway.{{Citation needed|date=April 2013}}

Nunavut is both the least populous and the largest in area of the provinces and territories of Canada. One of the most remote, sparsely settled regions in the world, it has a population of 31,906,<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=62&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Nunavut&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=62|title=Census Profile Nunavut |publisher=Statistics Canada |date=June 28, 2010 |accessdate=February 9, 2012}}</ref> mostly [[Inuit]], spread over land area [[List_of_political_and_geographic_subdivisions_by_total_area_in_excess_of_1,000,000_km%C2%B2|the size of]] Western Europe, [[Mexico]], or [[Indonesia]]. Nunavut is also home to the [[Northernmost settlements|northernmost]] permanently inhabited place in the world, [[Alert, Nunavut|Alert]]. A weather station further down Ellesmere Island, [[Eureka, Nunavut|Eureka]], has the lowest average annual temperature of any weather station in Canada.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/cold-places-in-canada | title = Cold Places in Canada | publisher = [[The Canadian Encyclopedia]] | accessdate = March 12, 2013}}</ref>

==Etymology==
Nunavut means "our land" in [[Inuktitut]].

==Geography==
{{Main|Geography of Nunavut}}

Nunavut covers {{convert|1877787|km2|abbr=on}}<ref name="census2011"/> of land and {{convert|160935|km2|abbr=on}}<ref>http://www.canadafaq.ca/nunavut/</ref> of water in Northern Canada. The territory includes part of the mainland, most of the Arctic Archipelago, and all of the islands in [[Hudson Bay]], [[James Bay]], and [[Ungava Bay]] (including the [[Belcher Islands]]), which belonged to the Northwest Territories. This makes it the fifth largest subnational entity (or [[administrative division]]) in the world. If Nunavut were a country, it would rank 15th in area.<ref>See [[List of countries and outlying territories by total area]]</ref>

Nunavut has land borders with the Northwest Territories on several islands as well as the mainland, [[Manitoba]] to the south of the Nunavut mainland, [[Saskatchewan]] to the southwest (at a single four-corner point) and a tiny land border with Newfoundland and Labrador on [[Killiniq Island]]. It also shares maritime borders with the provinces of [[Quebec]], Ontario, and Manitoba and with [[Greenland]].

Nunavut's highest point is [[Barbeau Peak]] ({{convert|2616|m|abbr=on|0}}) on Ellesmere Island. The population density is 0.015 persons per square kilometre, one of the lowest in the world. By comparison, [[Greenland]] has approximately the same area and nearly twice the population.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gl.html |title=CIA World Factbook |publisher=CIA |accessdate=February 16, 2011}}</ref>

===Climate===

Nunavut experiences a polar climate in most regions, owing to its high latitude.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:60%; font-size:95%;"
|+'''Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected locations in Nunavut'''<ref name="Canadian Climate Normals or Averages 1971–2000">{{cite web|url=http://climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/Welcome_e.html|title=National Climate Data and Information Archive|publisher=Environment Canada|accessdate=2 September 2010}}</ref>
|-
!City
!July (°C)
!July (°F)
!January (°C)
!January (°F)
|-
| [[Eureka, Nunavut|Eureka]] || 9/3 || 48/37 || -34/-41 || -28/-41
|-
| [[Alert, Nunavut|Alert]] || 6/1 || 43/33 || -29/-36 || -20/-33
|-
| [[Iqaluit]] || 12/4 || 53/39 || -23/-31 || -9/-23
|}

==History==
{{Main|History of Nunavut}}
{{See also|Paleo-Eskimo|Pre-Dorset|Dorset culture|Thule people|Eskimo}}

[[File:Eskimo Women at Ashe Inlet.jpg|thumb|right|Inuit women at [[Ashe Inlet]], 1884.]]
The region now known as Nunavut has supported a continuous [[indigenous peoples of the Americas|indigenous]] population for approximately 4,000 years. Most [[historians]] identify the coast of Baffin Island with the ''[[Helluland]]'' described in Norse [[saga]]s, so it is possible that the inhabitants of the region had occasional contact with [[Norsemen|Norse]] sailors.

=== Archaeological findings ===
In September 2008, researchers reported on the evaluation of existing and newly excavated [[archaeological]] remains, including [[yarn]] spun from a [[hare]], rats, [[tally sticks]], a carved wooden face [[mask]] that depicts [[Caucasian race|Caucasian]] features, and possible architectural material. The materials were collected in five seasons of [[Excavation (archaeology)|excavation]] at [[Cape Banfield]]. Scholars determined that these provide evidence of European traders and possibly settlers on [[Baffin Island]], not later than 1000 CE. They seem to indicate prolonged contact, possibly up to 1450. The origin of the [[Old World]] contact is unclear; the article states: "Dating of some yarn and other artifacts, presumed to be left by [[Vikings]] on Baffin Island, have produced an age that predates the Vikings by several hundred years. So [...] you have to consider the possibility that as remote as it may seem, these finds may represent evidence of contact with Europeans prior to the Vikings' arrival in Greenland."<ref>[http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/2008/809/80912/news/nunavut/80912_1516.html Jane George, "Kimmirut site suggests early European contact: Hare fur yarn, wooden tally sticks may mean visitors arrived 1,000 years ago"], ''Nunatsiaq News'', September 12, 2008. Retrieved October 5, 2009</ref>

=== First written historical accounts ===
The written historical accounts of Nunavut begin in 1576, with an account by an English [[explorer]]. [[Martin Frobisher]], while leading an expedition to find the [[Northwest Passage]], thought he had discovered gold ore around the body of water now known as [[Frobisher Bay]] on the coast of [[Baffin Island]].<ref>[http://www.mapleleafweb.com/old/features/nunavut/intro.html "Nunavut: The Story of Canada's Inuit People"], Maple Leaf Web</ref> The ore turned out to be worthless, but Frobisher made the first recorded European contact with the [[Inuit]]. Other explorers in search of the elusive Northwest Passage followed in the 17th century, including [[Henry Hudson]], [[William Baffin]] and [[Robert Bylot]].

=== Cold War ===
[[Cornwallis Island (Nunavut)|Cornwallis]] and Ellesmere Islands feature in the history of the [[Cold War]] in the 1950s. Concerned about the area's strategic geopolitical position, the federal government [[High Arctic relocation|relocated]] Inuit from the High Arctic of [[Nunavik|northern Quebec]] to [[Resolute, Nunavut|Resolute]] and [[Grise Fiord, Nunavut|Grise Fiord]]. In the unfamiliar and hostile conditions, they faced starvation<ref>[http://www.grisefiord.ca/eng/history.html Grise Fiord: History]</ref> but were forced to stay.<ref>McGrath, Melanie. ''The Long Exile: A Tale of Inuit Betrayal and Survival in the High Arctic''. [[Alfred A. Knopf]], 2006 (268 pages) Hardcover: ISBN 0-00-715796-7 Paperback: ISBN 0-00-715797-5</ref> Forty years later, the [[Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples]] issued a report titled ''The High Arctic Relocation: A Report on the 1953–55 Relocation''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fedpubs.com/subject/aborig/arctic_reloc.htm |title=The High Arctic Relocation: A Report on the 1953–55 Relocation |year=1994 |author=René Dussault and George Erasmus |work=Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, Toronto: Canadian Government Publishing|publisher=fedpubs.com}}</ref> The government paid compensation to those affected and their descendants, but it did not apologize.<ref>{{cite news
| last = Royte
| first = Elizabeth
| title = Trail of Tears (review of Melanie McGrath, ''The Long Exile: A Tale of Inuit Betrayal and Survival in the High Arctic'' (2006)
| work=The New York Times
| date = April 8, 2007
| url = http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/08/books/review/Ro.t.html?ex=1188964800&en=4b6eb6a89d7e85dd&ei=5070
}}</ref>

=== Recent history ===
In 1976, as part of the land claims negotiations between the [[Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami]] (then called the "Inuit Tapirisat of Canada") and the [[Government of Canada|federal government]], the parties discussed division of the Northwest Territories to provide a separate territory for the Inuit. On April 14, 1982, a [[Northwest Territories division plebiscite, 1982|plebiscite on division]] was held throughout the Northwest Territories. A majority of the residents voted in favour and the federal government gave a conditional agreement seven months later.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yukoncollege.yk.ca/~agraham/jull/buildnun.htm |title=Building Nunavut: A Story of Inuit SelfGovernment |author=[[Peter Jull]]| work=The Northern Review No. 1 (Summer 1988) | pages=59–72|publisher=Yukon College | accessdate =February 16, 2009}}</ref>

The land claims agreement was completed in September 1992 and ratified by nearly 85% of the voters in Nunavut in a [[Nunavut creation referendum, 1992|referendum]]. On July 9, 1993, the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act<ref name=claims/> and the Nunavut Act<ref name=act/> were passed by the [[Parliament of Canada|Canadian Parliament]]. The transition to establish Nunavut Territory was completed on April 1, 1999.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/politics/provincial-territorial-politics/creation-of-nunavut/topic-creation-of-nunavut.html|author=CBC Digital Archives | authorlink= Canadian Broadcasting Corporation | title= Creation of Nunavut | year= 2006 | accessdate=April 26, 2007 | work=CBC News}}</ref> The creation of Nunavut has been followed by growth in the capital Iqaluit, a modest increase from 5200 in 2001 to 6600 in 2011.

==Demography==
{{Main|Demographics of Nunavut}}
{{See also|List of communities in Nunavut}}
[[File:Baffin Island Northeast Coast 1997-08-07.jpg|thumb|left|text-top|Northeast coast of [[Baffin Island]]]]

As of the [[Canada 2011 Census|2011 Census]], the population of Nunavut was 31,906, an 8.3% increase from 2006.<ref name="census2011"/> In 2006, 24,640 people identified themselves as Inuit (83.6% of the total population), 100 as [[First Nations]] (0.34%), 130 [[Métis people (Canada)|Métis]] (0.44%) and 4,410 as non-aboriginal (14.96%).<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/profiles/aboriginal/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=62&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Nunavut&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=&GeoCode=62 | title= 2006 Census Aboriginal Population Profiles | author=Statistics Canada | year= 2006 | accessdate=January 16, 2008}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:310px; display:block; float:right;"
|+ Ten largest communities
! width=150 |Municipality
! width=50 |2006
! width=50 |2001
! width=50 |growth
|-
|[[Iqaluit]]
|6,184
|5,236
|18.1%
|-
|[[Rankin Inlet]]
|2,358
|2,177
|8.3%
|-
|[[Arviat]]
|2,060
|1,899
|8.5%
|-
|[[Baker Lake, Nunavut|Baker Lake]]
|1,728
|1,507
|14.7%
|-
|[[Igloolik]]
|1,538
|1,286
|19.6%
|-
|[[Cambridge Bay]]
|1,477
|1,309
|12.8%
|-
|[[Pangnirtung, Nunavut|Pangnirtung]]
|1,325
|1,276
|3.8%
|-
|[[Pond Inlet, Nunavut|Pond Inlet]]
|1,315
|1,220
|7.8%
|-
|[[Kugluktuk, Nunavut|Kugluktuk]]
|1,302
|1,212
|7.4%
|-
|[[Cape Dorset, Nunavut|Cape Dorset]]
|1,236
|1,148
|7.7%
|}

The population growth rate of Nunavut has been well above the Canadian average for several decades, mostly due to birth rates significantly higher than the Canadian average—a trend that continues. Between April and July 2010, Nunavut had the highest population growth rate of any Canadian province or territory, at a rate of 1.01%.<ref name="gov">{{cite web |url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/100929/t100929b2-eng.htm |title=StatsUpdate |date=September 29, 2010 |publisher=Prepared by Nunavut Bureau of Statistics |accessdate=November 20, 2010}}</ref> The second highest was Yukon, with a growth rate of 0.90%. However, Nunavut has a large net loss from migration, due to many native Inuit leaving the territory for better economic opportunity elsewhere.

===Language===
Along with the [[Inuit language|Inuit Language]] (Inuktitut and [[Inuinnaqtun]]), English, and French are also official languages.<ref name="lang">[http://www.justice.gov.nu.ca/apps/docs/download.aspx?file=Consolidated%20Law/Current/633640406483281250-1760189776-conssnu2008c10.pdf Consolidation of (S.Nu. 2008,c.10) (NIF) Official Languages Act] and [http://www.justice.gov.nu.ca/apps/docs/download.aspx?file=Consolidated%20Law/Current/634060764873541250-611697957-consSNu2008c17.pdf Consolidation of Inuit Language Protection Act]</ref>

In his 2000 commissioned report (''Aajiiqatigiingniq Language of Instruction Research Paper'') to the Nunavut Department of Education, Ian Martin of [[York University]] states that a "long-term threat to [[Inuit language]] from English is found everywhere, and current school language policies and practices on language are contributing to that threat" if Nunavut schools follow the Northwest Territories model. He provides a 20-year language plan to create a "fully functional bilingual society, in Inuktitut and English" by 2020. The plan provides different models, including:

* "Qulliq Model", for most Nunavut communities, with Inuktitut as the main language of instruction.
* "Inuinnaqtun Immersion Model", for language reclamation and immersion to revitalize Inuinnaqtun as a living language.
* "Mixed Population Model", mainly for Iqaluit (possibly for Rankin Inlet), as the 40% ''[[wiktionary:Qallunaat|Qallunaat]]'', or non-Inuit, population may have different requirements.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Board of Education |title=Summary of Aajiiqatigiingniq |publisher=gov.nu.ca |year=2000 |url=http://www.gov.nu.ca/education/eng/pubdoc/Aajjiqatigiingnisumeng.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=October 27, 2007 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071015174251/http://www.gov.nu.ca/education/eng/pubdoc/Aajjiqatigiingnisumeng.pdf <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = October 15, 2007}}</ref>
[[File:ARVIAT (NUNAVUT).jpg|thumb|Inuk man, [[Arviat]]]]

Of the 29,025 responses to the census question concerning 'mother tongue', the most commonly reported languages were:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|1.
|[[Inuktitut]]
|20,185
|69.54%
|-
|2.
|'''English'''
|7,765
|26.75%
|-
|3.
|'''French'''
|370
|1.27%
|-
|4.
|[[Inuinnaqtun]]
|295
|1.02%
|}
Only English and French were counted as official languages in the census. Nunavut's official languages are shown in bold. Figures shown are for the number of single-language responses and the percentage of total single-language responses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/topics/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?ALEVEL=3&APATH=3&CATNO=&DETAIL=0&DIM=&DS=99&FL=0&FREE=0&GAL=0&GC=99&GK=NA&GRP=1&IPS=&METH=0&ORDER=1&PID=89201&PTYPE=88971&RL=0&S=1&ShowAll=No&StartRow=1&SUB=701&Temporal=2006&Theme=70&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&GID=838093 |title=Detailed Mother Tongue (186), Knowledge of Official Languages (5), Age Groups (17A) (3) (2006 Census) |publisher=2.statcan.ca |date=December 7, 2010 |accessdate=February 16, 2011}}</ref>

In the 2006 census it was reported that 2,305 people (7.86%) living in Nunavut had no knowledge of either official language of Canada (English or French).<ref>[http://www40.statcan.gc.ca/l01/cst01/demo15-eng.htm Population by knowledge of official language, by province and territory (2006 Census)]. [[Statistics Canada]]. Retrieved January 15, 2010.</ref>

===Religion===
The largest denominations by number of adherents according to the 2001 census were the [[Anglican Church of Canada]] with 15,440 (58%); the Roman Catholic Church (''[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Churchill-Baie d'Hudson]]'') with 6,205 (23%); and [[Pentecostal]] with 1,175 (4%).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/highlight/Religion/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&View=1a&Code=62&Table=1&StartRec=1&Sort=2&B1=62&B2=All |title=Selected Religions, for Canada, Provinces and Territories – 20% Sample Data |publisher=2.statcan.ca |accessdate=February 16, 2011}}</ref> In total, 93.2% of the population are Christian.

==Economy==
The economy of Nunavut is Inuit and Territorial Government, mining, oil gas mineral exploration, arts crafts, hunting, fishing, whaling, tourism, transportation, education - [[Nunavut Arctic College]], housing, military and research – new Canadian High Arctic Research Station CHARS in planning for Cambridge Bay and high north Alert Bay Station.
Iqaluit hosts the annual Nunavut Mining Symposium every April, this is a tradeshow that showcases many economic activities on going in Nunavut.

===Mining and Exploration===
The current and only mine in production in 2013 is Agnico-Eagle Mines Ltd - Meadowbank Division.
Meadowbank is an open pit mine with an estimated mine life 2010-2018 and employs 678 persons. Cost to produce an ounce of gold is $913.00<ref>http://www.agnicoeagle.com/en/Operations/Our-Operations/Meadowbank/Pages/default.aspx</ref>
The north holds vast reserves of coal, oil, and gas and, increasingly, these areas are being looked at to move into production.

===Advanced Mining Projects===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name!!Company!!In the region of!!Material
|-
|Mary River || Baffinland Iron Mines || [[Pond Inlet]] || Iron ore
|-
|Meliadine Gold || Agnico-Eagle || [[Rankin Inlet]] || Gold
|-
|Back River Project || Sabina Gold & River Corp. || [[Bathurst Inlet]] || Gold
|-
|Izok Corridor Project || MMG Resources Inc. || [[Kugluktuk]] || Gold, Copper, Silver, Zinc
|-
|Hackett River || Xstrata Zinc Canada || Kugluktuk || Copper, Lead, Silver, Zinc
|-
|Chidliak || Peregrine Diamonds Ltd. || [[Iqaluit]] / [[Pangnirtung]] || Diamonds
|-
|Committee Bay, Three Bluffs Gold Project || North Country Gold Ltd. || [[Repulse Bay]] || Gold
|-
|Kigavik || Areva Resources || [[Baker Lake]] || Uranium
|-
|Hope Bay Doris North Mine || TMAC Holdings || [[Cambridge Bay]] || Gold
|-
|Roche Bay || Advanced Exploration || [[Hall Beach]] || Iron Ore
|-
|Ulu and Lupin || Eligin Mining Ltd. || [[Contwoyto Lake]] - connected to [[Yellowknife]] with an ice road || Gold
|-
|Storm Copper Property || Commander Resources Ltd. || [[Taloyoak]] || Copper
|}

===Historic Mines===
* [[Lupin Mine]] 1982–2005 - gold, current owner Elgin Mining Ltd located near the Northwest Territories boundary near [[Contwoyto Lake]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wolfdenresources.com/what_we_do/developmentprojects.aspx |title=Wolfden Resources |publisher=Wolfden Resources |date=August 31, 2007 |accessdate=February 16, 2011}}</ref>
* [[Polaris Mine]] 1982–2002—lead and [[zinc]] (located on [[Little Cornwallis Island]], not far from Resolute)
* [[Nanisivik Mine]] 1976–2002 — lead and zinc, prior owner Breakwater Resources Ltd (near [[Arctic Bay, Nunavut|Arctic Bay]]) at [[Nanisivik, Nunavut|Nanisivik]]
* [[Rankin Inlet|Rankin]] Nickel Mine 1957–1962, nickel, copper and platinum group metals
* [[Jericho Diamond Mine]] 2006–2008, diamond (located 400&nbsp;km, 250&nbsp;mi, northeast of [[Yellowknife]]) 2012 produced diamonds from existing stockpile, no new mining - closed.
* Doris North Gold Mine [[Newmont Mining]] approx 3&nbsp;km underground drifting/mining, none milled or processed. Newmont closed the mine and sold it to TMAC Resources in 2013.

===Transportation===
* [[Northern Transportation Company Limited]], owned by Norterra, a [[holding company]] jointly owned by the [[Inuvialuit]] of the Northwest Territories and the Inuit of Nunavut.<ref name=norterra>[http://www.norterra.com/oc_1.html The NorTerra Group of Companies], corporate website</ref><ref>[http://www.norterra.com/oocntcl.html Northern Transportation Company Limited at NorTerra], corporate website</ref>

===Renewable power===
[[File:Aerial view of the edge of the ice in Nunavut 2.jpg|thumb|right|Open ocean, shown here in Nunavut, in northern Canada, absorbs more sunshine, while sea ice [[Albedo|reflects]] more, accelerating freezing.]]
Currently the people of Nunavut rely primarily on [[diesel fuel]]<ref>http://www.albertaoilmagazine.com/2011/07/canada%E2%80%99s-north-struggles-to-generate-a-cleaner-electricity-future/</ref> to run generators and heat homes, with [[fossil fuel]] shipments coming from southern Canada by plane or boat because there are few to no roads or rail links to the region.<ref>[http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-12-07/nunavut-region-to-boost-renewable-power-to-offset-climate-change.html Nunavut Region to Boost Renewable Power to Offset Climate Change] by Jeremy van Loon [[Bloomberg.com]] December 7, 2011</ref> There is a government effort to use more [[renewable energy]] sources,<ref>{{cite journal|last=McDonald|first=N.C.|coauthors=J.M. Pearce|title=Renewable Energy Policies and Programs in Nunavut: Perspectives from the Federal and Territorial Governments|journal=Arctic|year=2012|volume=65|issue=4|pages=465–475|url=http://arctic.synergiesprairies.ca/arctic/index.php/arctic/article/view/4244}}</ref> which is generally supported by the community.<ref>Nicole C. McDonald & Joshua M. Pearce, [http://arctic.synergiesprairies.ca/arctic/index.php/arctic/article/view/4269 Community Voices: Perspectives on Renewable Energy in Nunavut], Arctic 66(1), pp. 94-104 (2013).</ref>

This support comes from Nunavut feeling the effects of [[global warming]].<ref>[https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100027837/1100100027839 Nunavut and Climate Change], Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada</ref><ref>[http://climatechangenunavut.ca/en/understanding-climate-change/climate-change-faq Nunavut Climate Change Centre]</ref> “[[Climate change]] is very much upon us,” said [[Eva Aariak|Aariak]]. “It is affecting our hunters, the animals, the thinning of the ice is a big concern, as well as erosion from [[permafrost]] melting.” The region is [[global warming|warming]] about twice as fast as the global average, according to the UN’s [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]]. Ellesmere island has mummified deciduous dawn redwood [[Metasequoia]] trees that date back to 45 million years ago, attesting to a temperate northern climate.

==Government and politics==
[[File:Leg Building Iqaluit 2000-08-27.jpg|thumb|left|Legislative assembly building in [[Iqaluit]]]]

Nunavut's Chief Executive is [[Commissioner#Canadian territories|a Commissioner]] appointed by the federal [[Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development (Canada)|Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development]]. As in the other territories, the commissioner's role is symbolic and is analogous to that of a [[Lieutenant-Governor (Canada)|Lieutenant-Governor]]. While [[Commissioners of Nunavut|the Commissioner]] is not formally a representative of [[Monarchy of Canada|Canada's head of state]], a role roughly analogous to representing [[The Crown]] has accrued to the position.

Nunavut elects a single member of the [[Canadian House of Commons]]. This makes Nunavut the largest parliamentary riding in the world by area, just ahead of the American state of [[Alaska]].

The members of the [[Unicameralism|unicameral]] [[Legislative Assembly of Nunavut]] are elected individually; there are [[Non-partisan democracy|no parties]] and the legislature is [[Consensus government|consensus-based]].<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/politics/provincial-territorial-politics/on-the-nunavut-campaign-trail/topic-on-the-nunavut-campaign-trail.html | author=CBC Digital Archives | authorlink= Canadian Broadcasting Corporation | title= On the Nunavut Campaign Trail | year= 2006 | accessdate=April 26, 2007 | work=CBC News}}</ref> The head of government, the [[premier of Nunavut]], is elected by, and from the members of the legislative assembly. As of November 14, 2008, the premier is [[Eva Aariak]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/nunavutvotes/story/2008/11/14/nunavut-forum.html|title=Eva Aariak topples incumbent to become Nunavut's 2nd premier|publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]]|accessdate=November 14, 2008 | date=November 14, 2008}}</ref>

Faced by criticism of his policies, former [[Premier (Canada)|Premier]] [[Paul Okalik]] set up an advisory council of eleven elders, whose function it is to help incorporate ''"[[Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit]]"'' (Inuit culture and traditional knowledge, often referred to in English as "IQ") into the territory's political and governmental decisions.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}}

Owing to Nunavut's vast size, the stated goal of the territorial government has been to decentralize governance beyond the region's capital. Three [[List of regions of Nunavut|regions]]—[[Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut|Kitikmeot]], [[Kivalliq Region|Kivalliq]] and [[Qikiqtaaluk Region|Qikiqtaaluk/Baffin]]—are the basis for more localized administration, although they lack autonomous governments of their own.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}}

The territory has an annual budget of [[Canadian dollar|C$]]700 million, provided almost entirely by the federal government. Former Prime Minister [[Paul Martin]] designated support for Northern Canada as one of his priorities for 2004, with an extra $500 million to be divided among the three territories.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}}

In 2001, the government of New Brunswick{{Citation needed|date=May 2009}} collaborated with the federal government and the technology firm [[SSI Micro]] to launch [[Qiniq]], a unique network that uses [[satellite]] delivery to provide [[broadband Internet access]] to 24 communities in Nunavut. As a result, the territory was named one of the world's "Smart 25 Communities" in 2006 by the [[Intelligent Community Forum]], a worldwide organization that honours innovation in broadband technologies.

In September 2012, Premier [[Eva Aariak]] welcomed [[Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex|Prince Edward]] and [[Sophie, Countess of Wessex]], to Nunavut as part of the events marking the [[Diamond Jubilee]] of [[Queen Elizabeth II]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Sophie Wessex pays sartorial tribute to her Canadian hosts|url=http://diamondjubilee.hellomagazine.com/queens-jubilee/tours/201209131126/earl-countess-wessex-canada/|newspaper=Hello magazine|date=September 13, 2012}}</ref>

===Licence plates===
The [[Vehicle registration plates of Nunavut|Nunavut licence plate]] was originally created for the Northwest Territories in the 1970s. The plate has long been famous worldwide for its unique design in the shape of a [[polar bear]]. Nunavut was licensed by the NWT to use the same [[Vehicle registration plate|licence plate]] design in 1999 when it became a separate territory,<ref name=Rogers>{{cite journal|url=http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/stories/article/65674gn_launches_new_license_plate/|journal=Nunatsiaq Online|title=GN launches new license plate|date=March 6, 2012|author=Sarah Rogers}}</ref> but adopted its own plate design in March 2012 for launch in August 2012—a rectangle that prominently features the northern lights, a polar bear and an [[inuksuk]].<ref name=Rogers/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.15q.net/nu.html |title=Nunavut licence plates 1999–present |publisher=15q.net |accessdate=February 16, 2011}}</ref>

===Flag and Coat of Arms===
The flag and the Coat of Arms of Nunavut were designed by Andrew Karpik from [[Pangnirtung]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gov.nu.ca/en/flag.aspx|title=Facts about Nunavut: About the Flag and Coat of Arms}}</ref>

==Culture==

===Music===
[[File:Drumdance.jpg|thumb|upright|Inuit drum dancing, [[Gjoa Haven]], Nunavut]]
{{main|Music of Nunavut}}
The indigenous [[music of Nunavut]] includes [[Inuit throat singing]] and drum-led dancing, along with [[country music]], [[Bluegrass music|bluegrass]], [[square dancing]], the [[button accordion]] and the [[fiddle]], an infusion of European influence.

===Media===
The [[Inuit Broadcasting Corporation]] is based in Nunavut. The territory is also served by ''[[Nunatsiaq News]]'' and ''[[News/North|Nunavut News/North]]'', published by [[Northern News Services]], who also publish the regional ''Kivalliq News''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.altstuff.com/newsnu.htm |title=Newspapers in Nunavut |publisher=Altstuff.com |accessdate=November 10, 2011}}</ref> Broadband internet is provided by [[Qiniq]] and [[Northwestel]] through Netkaster.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.qiniq.com/ |title=Qiniq |publisher=Qiniq |accessdate=November 10, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.netkaster.ca/ |title=Netkaster |publisher=Netkaster.ca |accessdate=November 10, 2011}}</ref>

===Film===
The film production company [[Isuma]] is based in Igloolik. Co-founded by [[Zacharias Kunuk]] and [[Norman Cohn (film producer)|Norman Cohn]] in 1990, the company produced the 1999 feature ''[[Atanarjuat]]'', winner of the [[Caméra d'Or]] for Best First Feature Film at the 2001 [[Cannes Film Festival]]. It was the first feature film written, directed, and acted entirely in [[Inuktitut]].

In November 2006, the [[National Film Board of Canada]] (NFB) and the Inuit Broadcasting Corporation announced the start of the Nunavut Animation Lab, offering animation training to Nunavut artists at workshops in Iqaluit, Cape Dorset and Pangnirtung.<ref name=George>{{cite news|last=George|first=Jane|title=Nunavut’s getting animated|url=http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/archives/61103/news/nunavut/61103_06.html|accessdate=November 8, 2011|newspaper=[[Nunatsiaq News]]|date=November 3, 2006}}</ref> Films from the Nunavut Animation Lab include Alethea Arnaquq-Baril's 2010 digital animation short ''Lumaajuuq'', winner of the Best Aboriginal Award at the [[Golden Sheaf Awards]] and named Best Canadian Short Drama at the [[imagineNATIVE Film + Media Arts Festival]].<ref name="nfb coll">{{cite web|title=Nunavut Animation Lab: Lumaajuuq|url=http://www.onf-nfb.gc.ca/eng/collection/film/?id=57615|work=Collection|publisher=[[National Film Board of Canada]]|accessdate=November 8, 2011}}</ref>

In November 2011, the government of Nunavut and the NFB jointly announced the launch of a DVD and online collection entitled ''[[Unikkausivut]]'' (Inuktitut: ''Sharing Our Stories''), which will make over 100 NFB films by and about [[Inuit]] available in Inuktitut, [[Inuinnaqtun]] and other Inuit languages, as well as English and French. The Government of Nunavut is distributing ''Unikkausivut'' to every school in the territory.<ref name=Unikkausivut>{{cite news|title=Inuit films move online and into northern communities|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/arts/story/2011/11/02/nfb-inuit-film-project.html|accessdate=November 5, 2011|newspaper=[[CBC News]]|date=November 2, 2011}}</ref><ref name=Nunatsiaq>{{cite news|title=New NFB collection includes 24 films on or by Inuit|url=http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/stories/article/65674new_nfb_collection_includes_24_films_on_or_by_inuit/|accessdate=November 7, 2011|newspaper=[[Nunatsiaq News]]|date=November 4, 2011}}</ref>

===Performing arts===
[[Artcirq]] is a collective of [[Inuit]] [[circus]] performers based in Igloolik.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/2009/1222/Bringing-circus-and-new-hope-to-a-remote-Arctic-village |title=Bringing circus – and new hope – to a remote Arctic village |accessdate=December 28, 2009 |publisher=[[Christian Science Monitor]]}}</ref> The group has performed around the world, including at the [[2010 Olympic Winter Games]] in Vancouver, British Columbia.

===Nunavummiut (notable people)===
{{Main|List of people from Nunavut}}
[[Susan Aglukark]] is an Inuit singer and song writer. She has released six albums and has won several [[Juno Awards]]. She blends the Inuktitut and English languages with contemporary pop music arrangements to tell the stories of her people, the Inuit of Arctic.

On May 3, 2008, the [[Kronos Quartet]] premiered a collaborative piece with [[Inuit throat singing|Inuit throat singer]] [[Tanya Tagaq]], entitled ''Nunavut'', based on an Inuit folk story. Tagaq is also known internationally for her collaborations with [[Iceland]]ic pop star [[Björk]].

[[Jordin Tootoo|Jordin John Kudluk Tootoo]] (Inuktitut syllabics: ᔪᐊᑕᓐ ᑐᑐ; born February 2, 1983 in [[Churchill, Manitoba]], Canada) is a professional ice hockey player with the [[Detroit Red Wings]] of the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL). Although born in Manitoba, Tootoo grew up in Rankin Inlet, where he was taught to skate and play hockey by his father, Barney.

==See also==
{{Wikipedia books|Canada}}
{{portal|Nunavut|Arctic}}
* [[Chemetco#Air-borne dioxin production|Chemetco]], U.S. company that produced air-borne dioxin inferred to be the source of contamination in Nunavut
* [[Archaeology in Nunavut]]
* [[Scouting and Guiding in Nunavut]]
* [[Symbols of Nunavut]]
* [[Arctic policy of Canada]]
{{clear}}

==Footnotes==
{{note|1|1}} Effective November 12, 2008.

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* Alia, Valerie. (2007) ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=rVoNxuS4n1gC&lpg=PP1&dq=Names%20and%20Nunavut%20Culture%20and%20Identity%20in%20Arctic%20Canada%20Names%20and%20Nunavut%20Culture%20and%20Identity%20in%20Arctic%20Canada&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true Names and Nunavut Culture and Identity in Arctic Canada]''. New York: Berghahn Books. ISBN 1-84545-165-1
* Henderson, Ailsa. (2007) ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=027TdMIVNkcC&lpg=PP1&dq=Nunavut%3A%20Rethinking%20Political%20Culture&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true Nunavut: Rethinking Political Culture]''. Vancouver: [[University of British Columbia Press]]. ISBN 0-7748-1423-3
* {{citation |last =Dahl|first = Jens|coauthors= Hicks, Jack, Jull, Peter|year =2002 |title =Nunavut : Inuit regain control of their lands and their lives |url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=Wm-yttszFTMC&lpg=PP1&dq=Nunavut&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher=International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs |isbn=87-90730-34-8 }}
* Kulchyski, Peter Keith. (2005) ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=wexIGjitk4gC&lpg=PP1&dq=Like%20the%20Sound%20of%20a%20Drum%3A%20Aboriginal%20Cultural%20Politics%20in%20Denendeh%20and%20Nunavut&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true Like the Sound of a Drum: Aboriginal Cultural Politics in Denendeh and Nunavut]''. Winnipeg: [[University of Manitoba Press]]. ISBN 0-88755-178-5
* Sanna, Ellyn, and William Hunter. (2008) ''Canada's Modern-Day Aboriginal Peoples Nunavut & Evolving Relationships''. Markham, Ont: Scholastic Canada. ISBN 978-0-7791-7322-8
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Nunavut}}
{{Wiktionary|Nunavut}}
* [http://www.gov.nu.ca/ Nunavut Kavamat / Government of Nunavut]: Official site
*{{dmoz|Regional/North_America/Canada/Nunavut}}
* [http://www.gov.nu.ca/education/eng/images/Nunavutmap.gif Map showing regions of Nunavut] (from Nunavut Government website){{deadlink|date=August 2013}}
* [http://www.assembly.nu.ca/ Legislative Assembly of Nunavut]
* [http://www.nunavut.ca/ Nunavut Planning Commission]
* [http://www.nunavutminingsymposium.ca/ Annual Nunavut Mining Symposium held in April each year]
* [http://www.tunngavik.com/ Nunavut Tunngavik Inc.]: Nunavut Land Claims website
* [http://www.canlii.org/ca/sta/n-28.6/whole.html The Nunavut Act of 1993 at Canadian Legal Information Institute]
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20060926020932/http://www.gov.nu.ca/education/eng/pubdoc/ENG%20LOI%20Report.pdf Nunavut K-12 bilingual language instruction plan]: Martin, Ian. ''Aajiiqatigiingniq Language of Instruction Research Paper''. Nunavut: Dept. of Education, 2000.{{deadlink|date=August 2013}}
'''Tourism'''
* [http://www.explorenunavut.com/ Explore Nunavut: Travel information and community guides]
* [http://www.nunavutparks.com/ Nunavut Parks]
* [http://www.nunavuttourism.com/ Nunavut Tourism]
'''Journalism'''
* [http://www.cbc.ca/north/ CBC North Radio]: hear Inuktitut and English radio from Nunavut
* [http://www.nunatsiaq.com Territorial newspaper reporting in Inuktitut and English], [[Nunatsiaq News]]
* [http://www.nnsl.com/nunavutnews/nunavut.html Nunavut News] from [[News/North]]

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