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Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence

Coordinates: 38°53′13″N 77°1′34″W / 38.88694°N 77.02611°W / 38.88694; -77.02611
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Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence
Seal of the United States Department of Energy (DOE)
Agency overview
FormedAugust 4, 1977; 47 years ago (August 4, 1977) as various DOE intelligence and counterintelligence groups, became Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence upon 2006 merger of DOE intelligence and counterintelligence offices[1]
Superseding agency
  • DOE Offices of Intelligence and Counterintelligence
JurisdictionFederal government of the United States, although it conducts foreign intelligence analysis
HeadquartersJames V. Forrestal Building
1000 Independence Avenue
Southwest, Washington, D.C., U.S.
38°53′13″N 77°1′34″W / 38.88694°N 77.02611°W / 38.88694; -77.02611
Agency executives
  • Steven K. Black, Director (2015)[3]
  • Charles K. Durant, Deputy Director for Counterintelligence (2015)[4]
  • Other Deputy Directors
Parent departmentUnited States Department of Energy
Parent agencyNone, but part of United States Intelligence Community[2]
WebsiteOICI

The Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence (OICI; also abbreviated IN,[5] DOE-IN,[6] DOE/IN, I&CI,[7] or OIC[8]) is an office of the United States Department of Energy (DOE) responsible for all intelligence and counterintelligence activities throughout the DOE complex. It was established in 2006 by the merger of pre-existing Energy Department intelligence and security organizations.[8][9][10] Due to its central role, OICI is designated DOE's Headquarters Intelligence.[11] As a component of the United States Intelligence Community in addition to the Department of Energy, OICI reports to both the Director of National Intelligence and Secretary of Energy.[2]

Overview

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The Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence provides information to the Secretary of Energy and other senior federal policymakers. A member of the United States Intelligence Community,[12] it contributes unique scientific and technical analysis capabilities with a specialty in energy security.[10][12][13] The office protects information and technology vital to both the U.S. economy and national security,[12] leveraging its specific expertise in nuclear weapons, proliferation, energy, and waste.

Mission

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OICI is responsible for all intelligence and counterintelligence functions of the Department of Energy complex, including the national laboratories and nuclear weapons construction, decommissioning, assembling, storage, etc. facilities not under the jurisdiction of the United States Department of Defense (the DoE and DoD share responsibility for the United States' nuclear stockpile).[10] In its counterintelligence role, the office safeguards intellectual property in the form of national security information and technologies and protects Department of Energy employees and scientific staff.[12] In its intelligence role, the office utilizes the Department of Energy's scientific and technical expertise to provide guidance to policymakers concerning, in addition to energy security, the national security areas of defense, homeland security, cybersecurity, and intelligence.[13]

OICI's intelligence analysis focuses on Department-relevant fields, such as foreign nuclear weapons and fuel cycle programs, nuclear material security and nuclear terrorism, counterintelligence issues, energy security, cyber intelligence, and strategic science and technology. OICI's counterintelligence focuses on fostering threat awareness within the DOE complex (the Department itself plus the national laboratories and DOE contractors), analyzing threats to better protect DOE assets from foreign intelligence and terrorism, evaluating insiders and foreign visitors for espionage risks, and investigating cyber threats, terrorism, and espionage.[2]

OICI's cyberspace expertise, including basic research, cyber threat analysis, information technology, supercomputing, and cybersecurity, is extended to the nuclear weapons enterprise and electrical grid providers for defense against cyberattacks and supply chain attacks.[2]

Organization

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OICI is a component of both the Energy Department and Intelligence Community.

Director of the Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence

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The director of OICI (D/OICI)[7] is selected by the Energy Secretary with the concurrence of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI).[14] The Secretary and DNI similarly consult on the director's removal, though statute specifies the President may ignore such consultations at will.[15]

Under U.S. law, the director must be substantially experienced in intelligence affairs and come from the Senior Executive Service or its intelligence agency equivalents, some of which require the concurrence of the DNI.[14]

The director is assisted by a principal deputy director and at least two deputy directors, one of which is the deputy director for counterintelligence.[16][17] OICI also includes a Director of Security[18][19] and deputy director of the interagency Nuclear Materials Information Program (NMIP).

The director of OICI is a member of the National Intelligence Board[20] and program manager for DOE's National Intelligence Program (NIP) funds.[7] Since June 2019, OICI directors have also been charged which determining which foreign government-sponsored talent recruitment programs (e.g. Thousand Talents Plan) pose intellectual property and espionage threats. Foreign governments deemed to be "of risk" will have American DOE/NNSA researchers and contractors barred from participation.[21]

Directors

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The office's first director was former CIA officer Rolf Mowatt-Larssen, who joined DoE in November 2005.[22][23][24] Larssen served as director for three years before joining Harvard's Belfer Center in 2009.[25]

From 2007-2010, Carol Dumaine, another ex-CIA officer, served as Deputy Director for Energy and Environmental Security.[26]

Former CIA officer and intelligence author Edward Bruce Held occupied the office of director beginning at least September 2012.[27][28] Charles K. Durant served as Held's Deputy Director for Counterintelligence and Eric Jackson as Director for Security.[4]

Held was succeeded as director on March 8, 2013 by Principal Deputy Director Steven K. Black,[3][16] who still held the position as of September 2021.[29][30]

The current deputy director of the Nuclear Materials Information Program is Drew Nickels.[6][31] Current Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency chief security officer Kerry Stewart is a former director of security for OICI.[19]

Directorates and agency structure

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OICI is divided into at least five directorates:

A Cyber Directorate may also exist, as evidenced by OICI's Deputy Director for Cyber.[35] Other internal structures include OICI's Security Office,[18] the interagency Nuclear Materials Information Program (NMIP),[6] the Foreign Nuclear Programs Division (FNP),[6] and the Cyber Special Programs Division.[34]

Other

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OICI's lead individual for climate and environmental security analysis is a member of the Climate Security Advisory Council convened by the Director of National Intelligence and set to disband on December 20, 2023.[15]

Incidents

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On February 25, 2016, an OICI employee was arrested for solicitation of prostitution in Washington, D.C. The employee arranged for escort services while working at OICI headquarters inside a sensitive compartmented information facility (SCIF) using his Department email address. The incident was investigated by the Department of Energy's Office of Inspector General (DOE OIG).[36]

Criticism

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In a September 2008 letter to then-Chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce John Dingell, longtime counterintelligence agent and senior Energy Department counterintelligence official Terry D. Turchie strongly condemned the then-new Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence and its director Mowatt-Larssen, crediting "the dangerously chaotic state of counterintelligence within DOE" for his (Turchie's) resignation.

Much of Turchie's criticism focused on his perception that the new Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence was "restructuring around intelligence collection and away from sound counterintelligence principles" with "potentially catastrophic consequences;" for this, Turchie faulted Mowatt-Larssen, a former CIA officer he described as "intent on the primacy of intelligence over counterintelligence." He also criticized Mowatt-Larssen for alleged "purge[s]" of highly qualified counterintelligence officials for "dar[ing to] challenge [his] changes based on their concern for the rule of law or the dramatic and disastrous impact his changes would have had on DOE counterintelligence overall."[23]

References

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  1. ^ Michael E. DeVine; Heidi M. Peters (June 27, 2018). U.S. Intelligence Community Elements: Establishment Provisions (PDF) (Report). Congressional Research Service. p. 1. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence. "Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence" (PDF). orise.orau.gov. Oak Ridge Associated Universities. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  3. ^ a b Black, Steven K. (February 16, 2015). "Delegation of Access Determination Approval Authority". Letter to Charles Durant. Retrieved July 12, 2021.
  4. ^ a b Durant, Charles K. (February 26, 2015). "Delegation of Access Determination Approval Authority". Letter to Eric Jackson. Retrieved July 12, 2021.
  5. ^ "Department of Energy Procedures for Intelligence Activities". directives.doe.gov. Department of Energy. January 17, 2017. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
  6. ^ a b c d "Mr. Drew Nichols". iio.azcast.arizona.edu. University of Arizona. Retrieved July 12, 2021.
  7. ^ a b c Name Redacted (November 8, 2016). Intelligence Community Programs, Management, and Enduring Issues (PDF) (Report). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved July 12, 2021.
  8. ^ a b c Brown, David (April 23, 2013). "5 Things You Might Not Know About the Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence". Clearance Jobs News & Career Advice. Retrieved May 23, 2021.
  9. ^ "The 2006 Annual Report of the United States Intelligence Community" (PDF) (Press release). DNI.gov: Director of National Intelligence. Office of the Director of National Intelligence. February 2007. Retrieved May 23, 2021.
  10. ^ a b c "Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence". energy.gov. Department of Energy. Retrieved May 23, 2021.
  11. ^ "Department of Energy (DOE) Inspector General (OIG) report (due September 30, 2013) on reducing over-classification required in Section 6 of the Reducing Over- Classification Act (H.R.553), March 2014" (PDF). Government Attic. governmentattic.org. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
  12. ^ a b c d "Members of the IC". dni.gov. Director of National Intelligence. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
  13. ^ a b "Dept. of Energy Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence". intelligence.gov. United States Intelligence Community. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
  14. ^ a b "42 U.S. Code § 7144b. Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence". law.cornell.edu. Cornell University. Retrieved July 9, 2021.
  15. ^ a b "50 USC Ch. 44: NATIONAL SECURITY From Title 50—WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE". uscode.house.gov. United States House of Representatives. Retrieved July 12, 2021.
  16. ^ a b "020.01, Delegation Order No. 00-020.01 to Deputy Director for Counterintelligence Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence for Delegation Access Determination Approval Authority". directives.doe.gov. USDOE. Retrieved July 9, 2021.
  17. ^ "IMPLEMENTATION OF INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY POLICY GUIDANCE 107.1, REQUESTS FOR IDENTITIES OF U.S. PERSONS IN DISSEMINATED INTELLIGENCE REPORTS" (PDF). U.S. Department of Energy Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence. intelligence.gov. Retrieved August 13, 2022.
  18. ^ a b "020.01-01, Delegation Order No. 00-020.01-01 to Director, Security Office of Intelligence & Counterintelligence for Delegation of Access Determination Approval Authority". directives.doe.gov. USDOE. Retrieved July 12, 2021.
  19. ^ a b "Kerry Stewart". cisa.gov. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. Retrieved July 12, 2021.
  20. ^ Intelligence Community Directive Number 202 (PDF) (Directive). N/A. July 16, 2007.
  21. ^ Sobczak, Blake (June 11, 2019). "With eye on China, DOE curbs foreign talent recruitment". E&E News. Retrieved July 12, 2021.
  22. ^ "Closing Memoranda and Final Reports for 34 Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Inspector General (OIG) Investigations, 2007-2008" (PDF). Government Attic. governmentattic.org. Retrieved July 12, 2021.
  23. ^ a b Turchie, Terry D. (September 1, 2008). "None" (PDF). Letter to John D. Dingell. Retrieved July 12, 2021.
  24. ^ A State of Mind: Faith and the CIA. Bookshop. June 2020. ISBN 9781098308599. Retrieved July 12, 2021. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  25. ^ "Rolf Mowatt-Larssen". belfercenter.org. Belfer Center. Retrieved July 12, 2021.
  26. ^ "Carol Dumaine". Atlantic Council. Retrieved July 16, 2022.
  27. ^ "Exploits of real life James Bond explored at SLAC Colloquium on Sept. 6". inmenlo.com. InMenlo. September 5, 2012. Retrieved July 12, 2021.
  28. ^ "Edward Bruce Held". energy.gov. Department of Energy. Retrieved July 12, 2021.
  29. ^ Michael E. DeVine (September 20, 2021). U.S. Intelligence Community (IC): Appointment Dates and Appointment Legal Provisions for Selected IC Leadership (PDF) (Report). Congressional Research Service. p. 1. Retrieved August 13, 2022.
  30. ^ "USDOE Office of Hearings and Appeals: In the Matter of Ryan Noah Shapiro Case No. FIA-12-0030" (PDF). United States Department of Energy. energy.gov. Retrieved August 14, 2022.
  31. ^ Aftergood, Steven (May 8, 2008). "Program Tracks Nuclear Materials Worldwide". Federation of American Scientists. Retrieved August 13, 2022.
  32. ^ a b Alfred Cumming (September 25, 2009). Intelligence Reform at the Department of Energy: Policy Issues and Organizational Alternatives (PDF) (Report). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
  33. ^ Briggs, Chad Michael (September 2012). "Climate security, risk assessment and military planning". International Affairs. 88 (5): 1049–64. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2346.2012.01118.x. JSTOR 23325016.
  34. ^ a b "Karen Kraybill". George Mason University. Retrieved July 16, 2022.
  35. ^ Rockwell, Mark (February 13, 2020). "Evans out at Energy Department". Federal Computer Week. Retrieved July 12, 2021.
  36. ^ "Closing documents for 32 closed Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Inspector General (OIG) investigations, 2000-2017" (PDF). Government Attic. governmentattic.org. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
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