PADI4
Template:PBB Peptidyl arginine deiminase, type IV, also known as PADI4, is a human protein which in humans is encoded by the PADI4 gene.[1][2]
Molecular biology
The human gene is found on the short arm of Chromosome 1 near the telomere (1p36.13). It is located on the Watson (plus) strand and is 55,806 bases long. The protein is 663 amino acids long with a molecular weight of 74,095 Da.[1]
Function
This gene is a member of a gene family which encodes enzymes responsible for the conversion of arginine to citrulline residues. This gene may play a role in granulocyte and macrophage development leading to inflammation and immune response.[2] PADI4 plays a role in the epigenetics, the deimination of arginines on histones 3 and 4 can act antagonistically to arginine methylation (Chromatin modifications and their function, Kouzarides 2007, Cell, review)
The protein may be found in oligomers and binds 5 calcium ions per subunit. It catalyses the reaction:
- Protein L-arginine + H2O = protein L-citrulline + NH3
Subcellular and tissue distribution
It is normally found in the cytoplasm, nucleus and in cytoplasmic granules of eosinophils and neutrophils. It is not expressed in peripheral monocytes or lymphocytes. It is also expressed in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissues.
References
- ^ a b Nakashima K, Hagiwara T, Ishigami A, Nagata S, Asaga H, Kuramoto M, Senshu T, Yamada M (September 1999). "Molecular characterization of peptidylarginine deiminase in HL-60 cells induced by retinoic acid and 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (39): 27786–92. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.39.27786. PMID 10488123.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b "Entrez Gene: PADI4 peptidyl arginine deiminase, type IV".
Further reading
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