Phrynopus
| Phrynopus | |
|---|---|
_in_lateral_view_-_ZooKeys-235-051-g004A.jpeg)
| |
| Phrynopus badius | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Strabomantidae |
| Subfamily: | Holoadeninae |
| Genus: | Phrynopus Peters, 1873 |
| Type species | |
| Phrynopus peruanus Peters, 1873
| |
| Diversity | |
| 26 species (see text) | |
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Phrynopus is a genus of frogs of the Craugastoridae family. Their common name is Andes frogs. They are endemic to Peru and inhabit the upper humid montane forests and supra-treeline grasslands in the Cordillera Oriental, with one record from the Peruvian Cordillera Occidental.[1]
Taxonomy
The contents and phylogenetic position of Phrynopus have long been uncertain,[1] and species once included in this genus have been moved to other genera (Bryophryne, Lynchius, Isodactylus, Noblella, Niceforonia, and Psychrophrynella).[2] Hedges and colleagues placed it in 2008 in Strabomantidae, subfamily Strabomantinae.[2] Most recently, the genus was transferred into Craugastoridae, subfamily Holoadeninae.[1][3] However, the AmphibiaWeb keeps Noblella in Strabomantidae/Strabomantinae,[4] a family/subfamily no longer recognized by the Amphibian Species of the World.[5]
Description
Phrynopus are small to medium-sized frogs, from 14.5 mm (0.57 in) snout–vent length in Phrynopus auriculatus to 54 mm (2.1 in) in Phrynopus kauneorum. Head is narrower than the body. Differentiated tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus are usually absent, except in Phrynopus auriculatus and Phrynopus peruanus, two basal species. Dorsum is smooth to pustulate. Venter is smooth or areolate.[2]
Species
There are 26 species in this genus:[1][4]
- Phrynopus auriculatus Duellman and Hedges, 2008
- Phrynopus badius Lehr, Moravec, and Cusi, 2012
- Phrynopus barthlenae Lehr and Aguilar, 2002
- Phrynopus bracki Hedges, 1990
- Phrynopus bufoides Lehr, Lundberg, and Aguilar, 2005
- Phrynopus chaparroi Mamani and Malqui, 2014
- Phrynopus curator Lehr, Moravec, and Cusi, 2012
- Phrynopus dagmarae Lehr, Aguilar, and Köhler, 2002
- Phrynopus heimorum Lehr, 2001
- Phrynopus horstpauli Lehr, Köhler, and Ponce, 2000
- Phrynopus interstinctus Lehr and Oróz, 2012
- Phrynopus juninensis (Shreve, 1938)
- Phrynopus kauneorum Lehr, Aguilar, and Köhler, 2002
- Phrynopus kotosh Lehr, 2007
- Phrynopus lechriorhynchus Trueb and Lehr, 2008
- Phrynopus miroslawae Chaparro, Padial, and De la Riva, 2008
- Phrynopus montium (Shreve, 1938)
- Phrynopus nicoleae Chaparro, Padial, and De la Riva, 2008
- Phrynopus oblivius Lehr, 2007
- Phrynopus paucari Lehr, Lundberg, and Aguilar, 2005
- Phrynopus peruanus Peters, 1873
- Phrynopus pesantesi Lehr, Lundberg, and Aguilar, 2005
- Phrynopus tautzorum Lehr and Aguilar, 2003
- Phrynopus thompsoni Duellman, 2000
- Phrynopus tribulosus Duellman and Hedges, 2008
- Phrynopus vestigiatus Lehr and Oróz, 2012
References
- ^ a b c d Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Phrynopus Peters, 1873". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
- ^ a b c Hedges, S. B., Duellman, W. E., and Heinicke, M. P (2008). "New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1737: 1–182.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Padial, J. M.; Grant, T.; Frost, D. R. (2014). "Molecular systematics of terraranas (Anura: Brachycephaloidea) with an assessment of the effects of alignment and optimality criteria". Zootaxa. 3825: 1–132. doi:10.11646/zootaxa825.1.1.
- ^ a b "Strabomantidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
- ^ Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Craugastoridae Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 7 June 2015.