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Persicaria hydropiperoides

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Persicaria hydropiperoides
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Polygonaceae
Genus: Persicaria
Species:
P. hydropiperoides
Binomial name
Persicaria hydropiperoides
Synonyms[1][2]
  • Polygonum barbatum Walter
  • Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx.
  • Polygonum opelousanum Riddell ex Small

Persicaria hydropiperoides, commonly called swamp smartweed, mild waterpepper, false waterpepper,[3][4][5][6] or sometimes simply waterpepper,[7] is a species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family. It has a widespread distribution across much of North America and South America.[8][9][10][11][12] Its preferred habitat is in moist, saturated to inundated soils growing in full sun to partial shade; such as swamp forests, marshes, streams, shorelines, and ditches.[3][4][7] It is sometimes semi-aquatic.[citation needed]

Swamp smartweed is quite variable and is sometimes divided into several varieties, some of which may be better treated as species in their own right.[2]

In general, swamp smartweed is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing upright or erect and approaching a maximum height of one meter (40 inches). Roots may emerge from nodes on the lower stem. The bristly lance-shaped leaves are around 10 centimeters (4 inches) long. The leaves have sheathing stipules known as ochreae. The spike-like inflorescence produces many pinkish flowers each about 3 millimeters wide.[2]

Swamp smartweed is reported to be edible, as are all species in the genus Persicaria.[13] Although its close relatives Persicaria hydropiper and Persicaria punctata are known to possess a hot or pungent quality when consumed, swamp smartweed is said to lack the same pungency by at least one author.[13]

References

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  1. ^ The Plant List, Persicaria hydropiperoides (Michx.) Small
  2. ^ a b c Flora of North America, (Michaux) Small, 1903. Swamp smartweed, renouée faux-poivre-d'eau
  3. ^ a b "Persicaria hydropiperoides - Species Page - APA: Alabama Plant Atlas". floraofalabama.org. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
  4. ^ a b "Persicaria hydropiperoides (Mild Waterpepper): Minnesota Wildflowers". www.minnesotawildflowers.info. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
  5. ^ "Swamp Smartweed (Persicaria hydropiperoides)". The National Gardening Association Plants Database. 2024-08-29. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
  6. ^ "Mild Waterpepper (Persicaria hydropiperoides)". www.illinoiswildflowers.info. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
  7. ^ a b "Persicaria hydropiperoides (Waterpepper) - FSUS". fsus.ncbg.unc.edu. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
  8. ^ Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
  9. ^ Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. (eds.) 2014. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia, Monographs in systematic botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744
  10. ^ Marticorena, C. & M. Quezada. 1985. Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Chile. Gayana, Botánica 42: 1–157.
  11. ^ Porter, D. M. 1983. Vascular plants of the Galapagos: Origins and dispersal. 33–54. In M. B. R. I. Bowman & A. E. Leviton Patterns of Evolution in Galapagos Organisms. Pacific Division, AAAS, San Francisco
  12. ^ Cowan, C. P. 1983. Flora de Tabasco. Listados Florísticos de México 1: 1–123.
  13. ^ a b Thayer, Samuel (2023). Sam Thayer's field guide to edible wild plants of eastern & central North America. Weyerhaeuser, WI: Forager's Harvest. pp. 583–585. ISBN 978-0-9766266-4-0. OCLC 1370911493.
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