Precipitationshed
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A precipitationshed is the upwind ocean and land surface that contributes evaporation to a given, downwind location's precipitation. The concept has been described as an "atmospheric watershed".[1] The concept itself rests on a broad foundation of scholarly work examining the evaporative sources of rainfall.[2][3][4] Since its formal definition, the precipitationshed has become an element in water security studies,[5] examinations of sustainability,[6] and mentioned as a potentially useful tool for examining vulnerability of rainfall dependent ecosystems.[7]
Concept
In an effort to conceptualize the recycling of evaporation from a specific location to the spatially explicit region that receives this moisture, the precipitationshed concept was expanded to the evaporationshed. This expanded concept has been highlighted as particularly useful for providing a spatially explicit region for examining the impacts of significant land-use change, such as deforestation, irrigation, or agricultural intensification.[8][9]
See also
References
- ^ P. W. Keys (2012). "Analyzing precipitationsheds to understand the vulnerability of rainfall dependent regions" (PDF). Biogeosciences. 9: 733–746. Bibcode:2012BGeo....9..733K. doi:10.5194/bg-9-733-2012.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|displayauthors=ignored (|display-authors=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ R. Koster (February 1986). "Global sources of local precipitation as determined by the Nasa/Giss GCM". Geophysical Research Letters. 13 (2): 121–124. Bibcode:1986GeoRL..13..121K. doi:10.1029/GL013i002p00121.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|displayauthors=ignored (|display-authors=suggested) (help) - ^ "Precipitation recycling in the Amazon basin". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. Part A. 120 (518): 861–880. July 1994. doi:10.1256/smsqj.51805.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ "Contrasting evaporative moisture sources during the drought of 1988 and the flood of 1993". Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 104 (D16): 19383–19397. 27 August 1999. Bibcode:1999JGR...10419383D. doi:10.1029/1999JD900222.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ "Water security in the Canadian Prairies: science and management challenges". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A. 371 (2002 20120409): 20120409. 13 November 2013. Bibcode:2013RSPTA.37120409W. doi:10.1098/rsta.2012.0409.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ J.Rockström (2014). Water Resilience for Human Prosperity. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107024199.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|displayauthors=ignored (|display-authors=suggested) (help) - ^ R.Mahmood (March 2014). "Land cover changes and their biogeophysical effects on climate". International Journal of Climatology. 34 (4): 929–953. Bibcode:2014IJCli..34..929M. doi:10.1002/joc.3736.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|displayauthors=ignored (|display-authors=suggested) (help) - ^ "Oceanic sources of continental precipitation and the correlation with sea surface temperature". Water Resources Research. 49 (7): 3993–4004. 2013. Bibcode:2013WRR....49.3993E. doi:10.1002/wrcr.20296.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|displayauthors=ignored (|display-authors=suggested) (help) - ^ Duerinck, H. M.; van der Ent, R. J.; van de Giesen, N. C.; Schoups, G.; Babovic, V.; Yeh, Pat J.-F. (2016-02-17). "Observed Soil Moisture–Precipitation Feedback in Illinois: A Systematic Analysis over Different Scales". Journal of Hydrometeorology. 17 (6): 1645–1660. Bibcode:2016JHyMe..17.1645D. doi:10.1175/JHM-D-15-0032.1. ISSN 1525-755X.