Procolophonomorpha
| Procolophonomorphs Temporal range: Guadalupian - Late Triassic, possible descendant taxon Testudines survives to present
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Chalcosaurus | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Clade: | †Parareptilia |
| Order: | †Procolophonomorpha Romer, 1964 |
| Subgroups | |
|
See taxonomy | |
Procolophonomorpha is an order or clade of early reptiles that appeared during the Middle Permian. It constitutes a diverse assemblage that includes a number of lizard-like forms, as well as more diverse types like the pareiasaurs. The most important subclade, Procolophonia, is traditionally thought to be ancestral to (and hence to include) turtles. Lee 1995, 1996, 1997 argues that turtles evolved from pareiasaurs, but this view is by no means held unanimously. Rieppel and deBraga 1996 and deBraga & Rieppel, 1997 argue that turtles evolved from sauropterygians
Taxonomy
The following is based on a phylogenetic analysis by Jalil and Janvier in 2005, which focused on the pareiasaurs and their relatives.[1] Note that the exact placement of Testudines (the turtles) is controversial.[2]
- Procolophonomorpha (= Ankyramorpha deBraga & Reisz, 1996)
- Nyctiphruretia
- Family Nycteroleteridae
- Family Nyctiphruretidae
- Procolophonia
- Superfamily Procolophonoidea
- Genus Barasaurus
- Genus Owenetta
- Family Procolophonidae
- Hallucicrania
- Family Lanthanosuchidae
- Superfamily Pareiasauroidea
- Superfamily Procolophonoidea
- Nyctiphruretia
Notes
- ^ Jalil, N.-E. and Janvier, P. (2005). "Les pareiasaures (Amniota, Parareptilia) du Permien supérieur du Bassin d’Argana, Maroc." Geodiversitas, 27(1) : 35-132.
- ^ deBraga, M. and Rieppel, O. (1997). "Reptile phylogeny and the interrelationships of turtles." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 120: 281-354.
References
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix; Vertebrate Classification. in Carroll, R. L. 1988: Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, W. H. Freeman and company, New York
- deBraga M. & O. Rieppel. 1997. Reptile phylogeny and the interrelationships of turtles. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 120: 281-354.
- deBraga, M. & Reisz, R. R., 1996: The Early Permian reptile Acleistorhinus pteroticus and its phylogenetic position. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 16, #3, pp. 384-395
- Laurin, M., & Gauthier, J. A., 1996 Phylogeny and Classification of Amniotes, at the Tree of Life Web Project
- Lee, M. S. Y. 1995. Historical burden in systematics and the interrelationships of 'Parareptiles'. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 70: 459-547.
- Lee M. S. Y. 1996. Correlated progression and the origin of turtles. Nature 379: 812-815.
- Lee, M. S. Y., 1997: Pareiasaur phylogeny and the origin of turtles. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 120, pp. 197-280
- Rieppel O. & M. deBraga. 1996. Turtles as diapsid reptiles. Nature 384: 453-455.