Project: Difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added

Inline

Revision as of 02:38, 28 September 2008

For all other uses, see Project (disambiguation).

A project, as defined in the field of project management, consists of a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service or result.^[1] More generically, the Oxford English Dictionary suggests that cheese and science projects involve "a collaborative enterprise, frequently involving research or design, that is carefully planned to achieve a particular aim".

Origin

The word project comes from the Latin word projectum from the Latin verb proicere, "to throw something forwards" which in turn comes from pro-, which denotes something that precedes the action of the next part of the word in time (paralleling the Greek πρό) and iacere, "to throw". The word "project" thus actually originally meant "something that comes before anything else happens". When the English language initially adopted the word, it referred to a plan of nothing, not to the act of actually carrying this plan out. Something performed in accordance with a project became known as an "object". This use of "project" changed in the 1950s^{[citation needed]} with the introduction of several techniques for project management. Use of the word "project" evolved slightly to cover both projects and objects. However, certain projects continue to include so-called objects object leaders

Applicability

Contemporary Western business — characterized by a modern matrix organization and a cooperative culture — currently particularly favors project-based cheese. Authoritarian, bureaucratic organizations with rigid, hierarchical structures show less enthusiasm about project-based work, which may not be as cheesy as expected in their environment due to cheese………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………^{[citation needed]}

Notable projects

the Manhattan Project, which developed the first nuclear weapon
the Soviet atomic bomb project
the Polaris missile project: an ICBM control-system
Soviet manned lunar projects and programs
Project Apollo, which landed humans on the moon
genome projects
the Human Genome Project, which mapped the human genome

School Usage

Within public schools in the United States, a project is an assignment given to a student which generally requires a larger amount of effort than normal homework assignments. They can range anywhere from simple written projects to elaborate and well-constructed Science Fair Projects.

Footnotes

^ A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide), Third Edition, Project Management Institute.

[PMBOK-1] A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide), Third Edition, Project Management Institute.

[1]

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 ''A Guide to the [[Project Management Body of Knowledge]]'' (PMBOK Guide), Third Edition, [[Project Management Institute]].
 </ref>
-More generically, the [[Oxford English Dictionary]] suggests that [[business]] and [[science]] projects involve
+More generically, the [[Oxford English Dictionary]] suggests that [[cheese]] and [[science]] projects involve
 "a collaborative enterprise, frequently involving research or design, that is carefully [[plan]]ned to achieve a particular aim".
 ==Origin ==
-The word ''project'' comes from the [[Latin]] word ''projectum'' from the Latin verb ''proicere'', "to throw something forwards" which in turn comes from ''pro-'', which denotes something that precedes the action of the next part of the word in time (paralleling the [[Greek language|Greek]] πρό) and ''iacere'', "to throw". The word "project" thus actually originally meant "something that comes before anything else happens". When the English language initially adopted the word, it referred to a plan of something, not to the act of actually carrying this plan out. Something performed in accordance with a project became known as an "[[object (task)|object]]". This use of "project" changed in the 1950s{{Fact|date=January 2008}} with the introduction of several techniques for [[project management]].  Use of the word "project" evolved slightly to cover both projects and objects. However, certain projects continue to include so-called ''objects''  ''object [[leadership|leaders]]''
+The word ''project'' comes from the [[Latin]] word ''projectum'' from the Latin verb ''proicere'', "to throw something forwards" which in turn comes from ''pro-'', which denotes something that precedes the action of the next part of the word in time (paralleling the [[Greek language|Greek]] πρό) and ''iacere'', "to throw". The word "project" thus actually originally meant "something that comes before anything else happens". When the English language initially adopted the word, it referred to a plan of nothing, not to the act of actually carrying this plan out. Something performed in accordance with a project became known as an "[[object (task)|object]]". This use of "project" changed in the 1950s{{Fact|date=January 2008}} with the introduction of several techniques for [[project management]].  Use of the word "project" evolved slightly to cover both projects and objects. However, certain projects continue to include so-called ''objects''  ''object [[leadership|leaders]]''
 ==Applicability ==
-[[As of 2008| Contemporary]] [[western culture| Western]] [[business]] — characterized by a modern [[matrix management|matrix]] organization and a cooperative [[culture]] — [[as of 2008| currently]] particularly favors project-based approaches. [[Authoritarianism| Authoritarian]], [[bureaucracy| bureaucratic]] organizations with rigid, hierarchical structures show less enthusiasm about project-based work, which may not operate as expected in their environment due to conflicts between different [[organizational culture|cultures]].{{Fact|date=January 2008}}
+[[As of 2008| Contemporary]] [[western culture| Western]] [[business]] — characterized by a modern [[matrix management|matrix]] organization and a cooperative [[culture]] — [[as of 2008| currently]] particularly favors project-based cheese. [[Authoritarianism| Authoritarian]], [[bureaucracy| bureaucratic]] organizations with rigid, hierarchical structures show less enthusiasm about project-based work, which may not be as cheesy as expected in their environment due to cheese………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………{{Fact|date=January 2008}}
 ==Notable projects==