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Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Gloucester

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Gilbert de Clare
5th Earl of Hertford
6th Earl of Gloucester
2nd Lord of Glamorgan
Arms of the de Clare Family
Hereditary
Earl of Hereford
Earl of Gloucester		1230-1262

1230-1262
PredecessorGilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford
SuccessorGilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford
Titles and styles8th Lord of Clare
8th Lord of Tonbridge
7th Lord of Cardigan
Born4 August 1222
Clare Castle, Clare, Suffolk, England
Died14 July 1262(1262-07-14) (aged 39)
Waltham, Canterbury, England
BuriedTewkesbury Abbey
Familyde Clare
SpouseMargaret de Burgh
Maud de Lacy
IssueIsabel, Marchioness of Montferrat
Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford
Thomas de Clare, Lord of Thomond
Bogo de Clare
Margaret, Countess of Cornwall
Rohese de Mowbray, Baroness de Mowbray
Eglentina de Clare
FatherGilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford
MotherIsabel Marshal
OccupationPeerage of England

Richard de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford, 6th Earl of Gloucester, 2nd Lord of Glamorgan, 8th Lord of Clare (4 August 1222 – 14 July 1262) was son of Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford and Isabel Marshal.[1][2] On his father's death, when he became Earl of Gloucester (October 1230), he was entrusted first to the guardianship of Hubert de Burgh. On Hubert's fall, his guardianship was given to Peter des Roches (c. October 1232); and in 1235 to Gilbert, Earl Marshall.[3] He was also a powerful Marcher Lord in Wales and inherited the Lordship of Glamorgan upon the death of his father.

Marriage

Richard's first marriage to Margaret or Megotta, as she was also called, ended with either an annulment or with her death in November 1237. They were both approximately fourteen or fifteen. The marriage of Hubert de Burgh's daughter Margaret to Richard de Clare, the young Earl of Gloucester, brought de Burgh into some trouble in 1236, for the earl was as yet a minor and in the wardship of King Henry III, and the marriage had been celebrated without the royal licence. Hubert, however, protested that the match was not of his making, and promised to pay the king some money, so the matter passed by for the time.[4][5] Even before Margaret died, the Earl of Lincoln offered 5,000 marks to King Henry to secure Richard for his own daughter. This offer was accepted, and Richard was married secondly, on 2 February 1238 to Maud de Lacy, daughter of John de Lacy, 1st Earl of Lincoln[6]

Military career

He joined in the Barons' letter to the Pope in 1246 against the exactions of the Curia in England. He was among those in opposition to the King's half-brothers, who in 1247 visited England, where they were very unpopular, but afterwards he was reconciled to them.[7]

In August 1252/3 the King crossed over to Gascony with his army, and to his great indignation the Earl refused to accompany him and went to Ireland instead. In August 1255 he and John Maunsel were sent to Edinburgh by the King to find out the truth regarding reports which had reached the King that his son-in-law, Alexander III, King of Scotland, was being coerced by Robert de Roos and John Balliol. If possible, they were to bring the young King and Queen to him. The Earl and his companion, pretending to be the two of Roos's knights, obtained entry to Edinburgh Castle, and gradually introduced their attendants, so that they had a force sufficient for their defense. They gained access to the Scottish Queen, who made her complaints to them that she and her husband had been kept apart. They threatened Roos with dire punishments, so that he promised to go to the King.[1][4][8]

Meanwhile, the Scottish magnates, indignant at their Castle of Edinburgh's being in English hands, proposed to besiege it, but they desisted when they found they would be besieging their King and Queen. The King of Scotland apparently traveled South with the Earl, for on 24 September they were with King Henry III at Newminster, Northumberland. In July 1258 he fell ill, being poisoned with his brother William, as it was supposed, by his steward, Walter de Scotenay. He recovered but his brother died.[2]

Death and legacy

Richard died at John de Griol's Manor of Asbenfield in Waltham, near Canterbury, 14 July 1262 at the age of 39, it being rumored that he had been poisoned at the table of Piers of Savoy. On the following Monday he was carried to Canterbury where a mass for the dead was sung, after which his body was taken to the canon's church at Tonbridge and interred in the choir. Thence it was taken to Tewkesbury Abbey and buried 28 July 1262, with great solemnity in the presence of two bishops and eight abbots in the presbytery at his father's right hand. Richard's own arms were: Or, three chevronels gules.[9]

Richard left extensive property, distributed across numerous counties. Details of these holdings were reported at a series of inquisitions post mortem that took place after his death.[10]

Family

Richard had no children by his first wife, Margaret (or "Megotta") de Burgh. By his second wife, Maud de Lacy, daughter of the Surety John de Lacy and Margaret de Quincy, he had:

His widow Maud, who had the Manor of Clare and the Manor and Castle of Usk and other lands for her dower, erected a splendid tomb for her late husband at Tewkesbury. She arranged for the marriages of her children. She died before 10 March 1288/9.[11]

Ancestry

Family of Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Gloucester
16. Richard Fitz Gilbert de Clare
8. Roger de Clare, 2nd Earl of Hertford
17. Alice de Gernon
4. Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford
18. James de St Hilary
9. Maud de St. Hilary
19. Aveline
2. Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford
20. Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester
10. William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester
21. Mabel FitzHamon of Gloucester
5. Amice FitzRobert, Countess of Gloucester
22. Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester
11. Hawise de Beaumont
24. Amice de Montfort
1. Richard De Clare
24. Gilbert Marshal
12. John Marshal (Earl Marshal)
6. William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke
26. Walter of Salisbury
13. Sybil of Salisbury
27. Sibilla de Chaworth
3. Isabel Marshal
28. Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke
14. Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
29. Isabel de Beaumont
7. Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke
30. Dermot MacMurrough, King Of Leinster
15. Eva MacMurrough
31. Mor O'Toole

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1887). "Clare, Richard de (1222-1262)" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 10. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  2. ^ a b History of Tewkesbury by James Bennett 77
  3. ^ Tewkesbury Annals
  4. ^ a b Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1886). "Burgh, Hubert de" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 7. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  5. ^ Tewkesbury Annals p. 102 ; Worcest Ann. p. 428 ; Matt. Paris, vi. 63, 64; Land of Morgan, p. 126
  6. ^ Tewkesbury Annals p. 106 ; Pat. Rolls, 17 b
  7. ^ Altschul, Michael. A Baronial Family in Medieval England: The Clares, 1217-1314, 1965
  8. ^ Tewkesbury Annals, i. 66, 77, 83
  9. ^ Tewkes,Ann. p. 102
  10. ^ Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, 1st series, Vol. 1, Nos. 530 & 531.
  11. ^ In Calendar of Close Rolls, 1288-1296, p. 6 an entry dated 10 March 1288/9 refers to the death of Maud, countess of Gloucester.
Peerage of England
Preceded by Earl of Hertford
1230–1262 		Succeeded by
Earl of Gloucester
1230–1262
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