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River Dee, Aberdeenshire

Coordinates: 57°4′18″N 2°51′0″W / 57.07167°N 2.85000°W / 57.07167; -2.85000
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For other places with the same name, see River Dee (disambiguation).

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The River Dee (Template:Lang-gd) is a river in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It rises in the Cairngorms and flows through Strathdee to reach the North Sea at Aberdeen. The general area is called Strathdee, Deeside, or "Royal Deeside" in the region between Braemar and Banchory because Queen Victoria came to love the place and built Balmoral Castle there. The name is attested as early as the second century AD in the work of the Alexandrian geographer Claudius Ptolemy, as Δηοῦα (=Deva), meaning 'Goddess', indicating a divine status for the river in the beliefs of the ancient inhabitants of the area. The several other rivers of the same name in Great Britain have the same origin as has the Dee's near neighbour to the north, the River Don.

Geography

Upper reaches

Falls of Dee in An Garbh Choire

The River Dee rises at approximately 4,000 feet in elevation on the plateau of Braeriach in the Cairngorm Mountains, the highest source of any major river in the British Isles.[1] Emerging in a number of pools called the Wells of Dee the young Dee then flows across the plateau to the cliff edge from where the Falls of Dee plunge into An Garbh Choire. The river is then joined by a tributary coming from the Pools of Dee in the Lairig Ghru and then flows south down the Lairig Ghru between Ben Macdui and Cairn Toul, tumbling over falls in the Chest of Dee on its way to White Bridge and the confluence with the Geldie Burn.

Linn of Dee

Linn of Dee above Braemar
The River Clunie near Braemar

At Linn of Dee the river passes east through a 300-metre natural rock gorge. Between there and Braemar, Lui Water (formed by Luibeg and Derry burns) and Quoich Water join the growing River Dee. The River Clunie enters the Dee at Braemar.

Strathdee

Through Strathdee ("Deeside"; Scottish Gaelic Srath Dhè), the river passes Braemar, Balmoral Castle, Ballater, Dinnet, Aboyne and Banchory to reach the sea at Aberdeen. Near Ballater two rivers are tributaries – the River Gairn flowing from the north and the River Muick, flowing out of Loch Muick, from the south. The river is in the Cairngorms National Park until it reaches Dinnett. Water of Tanar flows through Glen Tanar before joining at Aboyne. The Water of Feugh has its confluence with the Dee at Banchory and Coy Burn enters at Milton of Crathes.

Aberdeen Harbour, at the estuary of the River Dee.

The tidal limit is just above Bridge of Dee, built about 1720, which carries the main A90 trunk road from Aberdeen to the south.[2] Before reaching the North Sea, the river passes through Aberdeen Harbour, the principal marine centre for the energy industry in Europe, servicing the offshore oil and gas industry.[3] An artificial channel was constructed in 1872 to straighten the river's flow into the sea. Footdee ("Fittie") is an old fishing village at the east end of Aberdeen Harbour.

For Bridges in Aberdeen, see Transport in Aberdeen § Bridges.

Road and rail in the strath

The A93 road runs west along the north bank of the river from Aberdeen to Braemar before it turns south, leaving Strathdee, to climb to the Glenshee Ski Centre at Cairnwell Pass and then onwards to Perth. Just west of Ballater the A939 Lecht Road leaves the A93 to take a tortuous climb towards the Lecht Ski Centre then on to Tomintoul and eventually Nairn. West and north from Braemar there are no paved roads into the Cairngorms except for a narrow road which reaches Linn of Dee and doubles back to terminate at Linn of Quioch. Until 1966 the Deeside Railway ran from Aberdeen to Ballater and a very short section, the Royal Deeside Railway, has been restored as a heritage railway.

Natural history

Caledonian pine forest, Glen Tanar

The Dee is important for nature conservation and the area has many designated sites.[1] The upper catchment is within the Cairngorms National Nature Reserve and (since 2003) Cairngorms National Park. Much of the semi-natural Caledonian pine forest in Scotland is within the Dee catchment. The area contains nationally rare examples of pine woods, birch woods and heather moors with associated wildlife. On the valley floor there are deciduous alder and mixed broadleaved woods, and meadow grasslands. Otter, Water Vole and freshwater mussel are among the animal species under threat.

The Dee is a popular salmon river, having a succession of varied pools, intersected by sharp rapids. In 1995 it was estimated that salmon fishing on the river contributed between £5 and £6 million a year to the Grampian Region economy.[4]

Royal Deeside

Balmoral Castle in Royal Deeside (photochrom from about 1900)

The area around Braemar and Ballater is known as Royal Deeside by some people, and that usage had been encouraged by the tourist trade. Since the reign of Queen Victoria the British Royal Family have spent their summers at Balmoral Castle. Every year they attend the Braemar Highland Gathering and other local events.[5] Birkhall, previously owned by Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother, is now a favourite retreat of Prince Charles.[6]

References

  1. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference SEPA was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Stapleton, C.; Pethick, J. (1996). Review 52. Coastal processes and management of the Scottish Estuaries. III. The Dee, Don and Ythan Estuaries (PDF). Scottish Natural Heritage. p. 19.
  3. ^ "Aberdeen Harbour". Aberdeen Harbour Board. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
  4. ^ Scottish Office (1997). Report of the Scottish Salmon Strategy Task Force. Edinburgh: Scottish Office.
  5. ^ "The Queen, Prince Philip and Prince Charles attend the Braemar Gathering". News: NE Scotland, Orkney & Shetland. BBC. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
  6. ^ Grice, Elizabeth (9 April 2005). "Alone at last (with just a few house guests)". Telegraph. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
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57°4′18″N 2°51′0″W / 57.07167°N 2.85000°W / 57.07167; -2.85000

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