Rutger Macklean
Rutger Macklean | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | July 28, 1742 |
| Died | January 14, 1816 (aged 73) |
| Title | Friherre |
| Parent | Rutger Macklean |
| Relatives | David Makeléer, grandfather[1] |
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Rutger Macklean (28 July 1742 - 14 January 1816) also Rutger Macklier II, was a driving figure in the reorganisation of agricultural lands in Sweden that made possible large-scale farming with its economy of scale.[2][3][4]
Biography
The family name was originally spelled "Mackleir". In 1783, one year after Rutger Mackleir inherited Svaneholm Castle in Skåne from his uncle Gustaf Julius Coyet (1717-1782), the name was changed to "Mackeleir" and so remained until Mackeleir and his brother were ennobled, when it became "Macklier" again. During the Anglo-Saxon pre-romantic era it was changed again, to "Macklean".[3] Sources conflict as to whether the Mackleirs were descended from Hector Og Maclean of Scotland or were from Holland.[3][5][6]
Macklean was born on 28 July 1742 at Ström mansion, Hjärtum parish, Bohuslän to Baron Rutger Macklier (1688–1748) and Vilhelmina Eleonora Coyet.[5][7] He had a brother, Baron David Maclean.[8] At the age of 40, in 1782, Rutger was an army Captain in the forces of the Swedish Empire. In that year he inherited Svaneholm Castle and its estate of 8500 acres from his mother’s family. In accordance with feudal procedures of tenant land-right inheritance the manor had been divided, in the course of its existence, into hundreds of narrow strip allotments. Some 40 tenant farmers live in four villages on the manor. Each tenant had the right to farm 60 to 70 strips of land, but only two thirds of a tenant's strips were usually close enough to his village that he had time to farm them; his farther strips went unused.[2]
Macklean had his land surveyed and divided into 75 farms. A new cottage and barn were built on each farm and roads were built to connect each farm. A tenant farmer moved into the new farmhouse and they found they could raise more crops on half as much land. Macklean's land redistribution procedures were introduced into law in Scania in 1802, and land reform legislation for all of Sweden followed.[9] In 1811 a mob threatened his life, and he died in 1816.[10]
Ancestors
| Baron Rutger Macklean, | Father: Baron Rutger Macklier |
Paternal Grandfather: David Makeléer |
Paternal Great-Grandfather: Sir John Maclean, 1st Baronet |
| Paternal Great-grandmother: Anna Gubbertz | |||
| Paternal Grandmother: Eleonora Elisabet von Ascheberg |
Paternal Great-Grandfather: Rutger von Ascheberg | ||
| Paternal Great-Grandmother: | |||
| Mother: Vilhelmina Eleonora Coyet |
Maternal Grandfather: possibly Gustaf Adolf Coyet I |
Maternal Great-Grandfather: | |
| Maternal Great-Grandmother: | |||
| Maternal Grandmother: possibly Bernhardine Morass |
Maternal Great-grandfather: | ||
| Maternal Great-Grandmother: |
References
- ^ James Noël MacKenzie MacLean (1971). The Macleans of Sweden. The Ampersand. ISBN 0-900161-00-0.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ a b Scott, Franklin D. (1988). Sweden: the nation's history. Southern Illinois University Press. pp. 289–291. ISBN 0-8093-1513-0.
- ^ a b c "Rutger Macklean". Svaneholm. Retrieved 2009-04-15.
Rutgers family name was Mackleir until 1783, one year after he had taken over Svaneholm Castle from his uncle Gustaf Adolf Coyet. His grandmother was a daughter of Rutger von Ascheberg, one of king Carl XI's kinsmen, who owned the Ström mansion. His father Rutger Macklier was one of King Karl XII's warriors from Holofzin, Poltava and Tobolsk. ...
- ^ "Rutger Macklean". Nationalencyklopedin (in Swedish). Retrieved 2009-12-24.
Macklean [makli:´n] (före 1783 Macklier), Rutger, 1742–1816, friherre, politiker och jordbruksreformator. Macklean kritiserade Gustav III och förvisades till sitt skånska gods Svaneholm. Här samlades från 1783 varje bondgårds ägor i en enhet, enskifte. Macklean upphävde dagsverksskyldigheten samt införde moderna redskap och varierande växtföljd. Han lade grunden för beslut om enskifte 1803–07 och laga skifte 1827.
{{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ a b Svenska män och kvinnor (in Swedish). 1942.
Föräldrar: översten friherre Rutger Makeléer och Vilhelmina Eleonora Coyet. The name Macklean, which is quite un-Swedish, was taken by Rutger and his brother Gustav when they were appointed lords in 1783. The Swedish branch of the family immigrated around 1600. The reason [they] changed their name to Macklean was probably that their father - falsely - got the information that the family was a branch of the Scottish noble family Maclean.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Both appear to be correct, his father descends from the Macleans of Scotland and his mother from the Coyets of Holland.
- ^ Kenneth Olwig and Michael Jones (2008). Nordic Landscapes. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0-8166-3915-9.
When he returned to Sweden, he married at the age of over 50 the 20-year-old Vilhelmina Eleonora Coyet, Rutger Macklean's mother.
- ^ Bruce A. McAndrew. Scotland's historic heraldry. ISBN 1-84383-261-5.
... continued the line of baronets, his male descendants expiring in 1775, when the baronetcy passed to Baron Rutger ...
- ^ "Rutger Maclean". Electric Scotland. Retrieved 2009-02-28.
- ^ Horace Marryat (1862). One year in Sweden: including a visit to the Isle of Götland.
Forty-third in lineal descent from Inghis tuir le Amhir, younger son of an Irish king, came Gilleon, who lived a hundred years before Christ. From him in unbroken genealogy is traced John Maclean (son of the Laird of Dowat), who came to Sweden in 1639 [sic], and, settling in Goteborg, greatly aided in the building of that town. Having rendered some service to the house of Stuart, he was created an English baronet by King Charles II in 1050, during his exile, and ennobled by Queen Christina under the name of Makeleer, with a grant of arms differing from those borne by his ancestors, neither of which were used by his descendants. ...
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help)
