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STC1

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STC1
Identifiers
AliasesSTC1, STC, stanniocalcin 1
External IDsOMIM: 601185; MGI: 109131; HomoloGene: 2374; GeneCards: STC1; OMA:STC1 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_003155

NM_009285

RefSeq (protein)

NP_003146

NP_033311

Location (UCSC)Chr 8: 23.84 – 23.85 MbChr 14: 69.27 – 69.28 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Stanniocalcin-1 is a glycoprotein, a homologue of a hormone stanniocalcin, first discovered in bony fishes. In humans it is encoded by the STC1 gene.[5][6]

Function

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This gene encodes a secreted, homodimeric glycoprotein that is expressed in a wide variety of tissues and may have autocrine or paracrine functions. The only known molecular function of human Stanniocalcin-1 to date is a SUMO E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in the SUMOylation cycle. However, STC1 interacts with many proteins in the cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmatic reticulum, and in dot-like fashion in the cell nucleus. The N-terminal region of STC1 is the function region which is responsible to establish the interaction with its partners, including SUMO1.[7] Low-resolution studies shows that STC1 is an anti-parallel homodimer in solution and the cysteine 202 is responsible for its dimerization. All the 5 disulfide bonds of human STC1 are conserved and have the same profile of fish STC.[8] The gene contains a 5' UTR rich in CAG trinucleotide repeats. The encoded protein contains 11 conserved cysteine residues and is phosphorylated by protein kinase C exclusively on its serine residues.

The protein may play a role in the regulation of renal and intestinal calcium and phosphate transport, cell metabolism, or cellular calcium/phosphate homeostasis. Overexpression of human stanniocalcin 1 in mice produces high serum phosphate levels, dwarfism, and increased metabolic rate. This gene has altered expression in hepatocellular, ovarian, and breast cancers,[6] and is a putative molecular biomarker of leukemic microenvironment.

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000159167Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000014813Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Chang AC, Jeffrey KJ, Tokutake Y, Shimamoto A, Neumann AA, Dunham MA, Cha J, Sugawara M, Furuichi Y, Reddel RR (Feb 1998). "Human stanniocalcin (STC): genomic structure, chromosomal localization, and the presence of CAG trinucleotide repeats". Genomics. 47 (3): 393–8. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.5120. PMID 9480753.
  6. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: STC1 stanniocalcin 1".
  7. ^ dos Santos MT, Trindade DM, Gonçalves Kde A, Bressan GC, Anastassopoulos F, Yunes JA, Kobarg J (Jan 2011). "Human stanniocalcin-1 interacts with nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins and acts as a SUMO E3 ligase". Molecular BioSystems. 7 (1): 180–93. doi:10.1039/c0mb00088d. PMID 21042649.
  8. ^ Trindade DM, Silva JC, Navarro MS, Torriani IC, Kobarg J (Aug 27, 2009). "Low-resolution structural studies of human Stanniocalcin-1". BMC Structural Biology. 9: 57. doi:10.1186/1472-6807-9-57. PMC 2744999. PMID 19712479.

Further reading

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