Scandoromani
| Scandoromani | |
|---|---|
| Rom(m)ani; Romani rakripa | |
| Native to | Sweden, Norway |
Native speakers | 31,000 |
Mixed language
| |
| Official status | |
Official language in | recognised minority language in Norway (1993) Sweden (1999) |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | rmu |
Scandoromani (Swedish: rommani, Norwegian: romani, Scandoromani: romani rakripa[1] alt. tavringens rakripa[2][3]), also known as Tavringer Romani[4] and the Tattare language,[5] is a form of the Romani language. It is currently spoken by the Norwegian and Swedish Travellers, a Romani minority community, in Sweden (ca. 25,000 speakers) and Norway (ca. 6,000 speakers).
"Scandoromani" is a term coined by academics. In Sweden, Scandoromani is referred to as resande rommani (Traveller Romani) or svensk rommani (Swedish Romani), while in Norway the same language is known as norsk romani (Norwegian Romani).
Like Angloromani in Britain and Caló (Spanish Romani) in Spain, Scandoromani draws upon a (now extinct) vocabulary of inflected Romani. Much of the original Romani grammar, however, has been lost to the users, and they now communicate in Swedish or Norwegian grammar. Scandoromani must not be confused with the Rodi language.
There is no standarised form of Scandoromani, so variations exist in vocabulary, pronunciation, and usage, depending on the speaker. In print, Scanodromani words are often written with Swedish (S) or Norwegian (N) letters (ä, æ, ø, å) and letter combinations to represent Romani sounds, e.g., tj- ([[voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative|/ɕ/]]) or kj- ([[voiceless palatal fricative|/ç/]] alt. [[Voiceless postalveolar affricate|/tʃ/]]) to represent the Romani č [[Voiceless postalveolar affricate|/tʃ/]] and čh /tʃʰ/. Some examples of Scandoromani variant spellings are: tjuro[6] (S) / kjuro[2] (N) 'knife'; gräj[6] (S) / grei[2] (N) 'horse'.
References
- Hancock, Ian (1992) "The Social and Linguistic Development of Scandoromani", Jahr, Ernst Håkon (ed.), Language Contact: Theoretical and Empirical Studies, Berlin; New York: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 3-11-012802-0, pp. 37–52
- ^ Cf. Romani rakripa
- ^ a b c Karlsen, Ludvig. "Tavringens Rakripa: Romanifolkets Ordbok" (in Norwegian and Scandoromani). Landsorganisasjonen for Romanifolket. Retrieved 18 November 2008.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ A recent suggestion apparently backed by the Swedish Language Council is to call the language Svedo romani (i.e. "Swedish Romani").[1] This usage, however, is not widely documented amongst Scandoromani speakers.
- ^ Ethnologue Romani, Tavringer
- ^ LLOW Language Server - Tavringer Romani
- ^ a b Resande Folkets Riksorganisation (2006). Ordlista i resandespråket romani (in Swedish and Scandoromani) (2nd ed. ed.). Malmö: Föreningen Resande Folkets Riksorganisation. ISBN 9163196689.
{{cite book}}:|edition=has extra text (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
Suggested further reading
- Lindell, Lenny; Thorbjörnsson-Djerf, Kenth (2008). Carling, Gerd (ed.). Ordbok över svensk romani: Resandefolkets språk och sånger (in Swedish). Stockholm: Podium. ISBN 9789189196438. (A lexicon and grammatical overview of Swedish Scandoromani; includes several Traveller song texts in extenso)
See also
External links
- Scandoromani-Norwegian word list Template:No icon
- Examples of Scandoromani text from the websites of the Swedish Parliament and the Swedish Language Council
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