Schoenocaulon
| Schoenocaulon | |
|---|---|
| |
| Schoenocaulon officinale[1] | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Liliales |
| Family: | Melanthiaceae |
| Tribe: | Melanthieae |
| Genus: | Schoenocaulon Asa Gray |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Schoenocaulon is a North American genus of perennial herbaceous flowering plants, ranging from the southern United States to Peru.[3] It is a member of the Melanthiaceae, according to the APG III classification system, and is placed in the tribe Melanthieae. Unlike other genera in the tribe, the flowers are arranged in a spike; depending on the species the flower stalks for each flower are either very short or completely absent.[4] Feathershank is a common name.[5]
Plants generally grow in chaparral, oak, or pine forests. Grazing has narrowed the natural ranges of some species to only steep, rocky terrain.[6] Mexico is the center of Schoenocaulon diversity, with 22 endemic species - some with distributions limited to single mountain ranges.[4] The two species with the widest distributions, S. yucatanense (sometimes treated as part of S. ghiesbreghtii) and S. officinale (sabadilla), may have been spread by pre-Columbians who used the seeds as pesticides.[4]
The petal and sepal color varies by species, with some shade of green being most common, but with maroon, cream, and bright red also represented.[4]
- species[2]
- Schoenocaulon calcicola - Oaxaca
- Schoenocaulon caricifolium - Tamaulipas
- Schoenocaulon comatum - San Luis Potosí, Puebla, Oaxaca
- Schoenocaulon conzattii - Oaxaca
- Schoenocaulon dubium - Florida
- Schoenocaulon frameae - Puebla
- Schoenocaulon ghiesbreghtii - S Texas to Veracruz
- Schoenocaulon ignigenum - Tamaulipas, Nuevo León
- Schoenocaulon intermedium - San Luis Potosí, Hidalgo
- Schoenocaulon jaliscense - Jalisco, Oaxaca
- Schoenocaulon macrocarpum - Tamaulipas, Nuevo León
- Schoenocaulon madidorum - Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca
- Schoenocaulon megarrhizum - Chihuahua, Sonora, Sinaloa
- Schoenocaulon mortonii - México State, Jalisco, Michoacán
- Schoenocaulon oaxacense - Oaxaca
- Schoenocaulon obtusum - Hidalgo, México State
- Schoenocaulon officinale - C + S Mexico, Central America, Venezuela
- Schoenocaulon pellucidum - Nayarit
- Schoenocaulon plumosum - Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas
- Schoenocaulon pringlei - Hidalgo, Veracruz, México State, D.F.
- Schoenocaulon rzedowskii - Mexico, Puebla
- Schoenocaulon tenorioi - Oaxaca, Puebla
- Schoenocaulon tenue - Morelos
- Schoenocaulon tenuifolium - Oaxaca, Puebla
- Schoenocaulon texanum - New Mexico, Texas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León
- Schoenocaulon tigrense - Jalisco
References
- ^ 1897 illustration from Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen
- ^ a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ^ Zomlefer, W.B. and W.S. Judd. Systematic Botany (2008), 33(1): pp. 117–124
- ^ a b c d Wendy B. Zomlefer, W. Mark Whitten, Norris H. Williams and Walter S. Judd (2006), "Infrageneric phylogeny of Schoenocaulon (Liliales: Melanthiaceae) with clarification of cryptic species based on ITS sequence data and geographical distribution", American Journal of Botany, 93: 1178–1192, doi:10.3732/ajb.93.8.1178, PMID 21642183
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Schoenocaulon". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 7 November 2015.
- ^ Frame, D. 1990. A revision of Schoenocaulon (Liliaceae: Melanthieae). Ph. D. Thesis. The City University of New York. New York. 269 pp.
External links
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