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Applegate Trail

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The main route of the Oregon Trail (green line) and California Trail (thick red line), including the Applegate Trail (northernmost thinner red line)

The Applegate Trail was an emigrant trail through the present-day U.S. states of Idaho, Nevada, California, and Oregon used in the mid-19th century by emigrants on the American frontier. It was originally intended as a less dangerous alternative to the Oregon Trail by which to reach the Oregon Territory. Much of the route was coterminous with the California Trail.

Background

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Jesse Applegate
Lindsay Applegate

In 1843, part of the Applegate family of Missouri headed west along the Oregon Trail to the Oregon Country.[1] Brothers Charles, Jesse, and Lindsay led their families through many hardships along the trail, including the loss of two children on the journey down the Columbia River.[1] These experiences influenced the family to find an easier and safer way to the Willamette Valley.[1]

In 1846, the Oregon Provisional Legislature allowed the Applegates and others to attempt to find a more southerly route to Oregon.[2] The group began the trek on June 25, 1846, with Jesse Applegate, Lindsay Applegate, David Goff, John Owen, B. F. Burch, W. Sportsman, Robert Smith, a Mr. Goodhue, J. Jones, B. Ausbuan, and Levi Scott starting the survey.[1][2] Leaving La Creole, the party spent three and a half months surveying a route to Fort Hall in present-day Idaho.[3] At that location, the Applegate Trail departed the main branch of the Oregon Trail.[3] On the return trip, the group brought approximately 150 immigrants along the new southern route, also known as the South Road, South Emigrant Trail or the Scott-Applegate Trail.[3]

Route

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From Fort Hall, the route headed south following the Humboldt River before passing through the Black Rock Desert in present-day Nevada.[4] The trail then entered Northern California and passed Goose and Tule lakes.[1] After crossing the Lost River, the route then crossed the Klamath Basin and the Cascade Range into Southern Oregon.[3] The trail followed Keene Creek to the Siskiyou Mountains, then Bear Creek and the Rogue River.[3] Heading north from there, the route crossed the Umpqua River before crossing the Calapooya Mountains into the southern Willamette Valley.[3]

Subsequent history

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Applegate-Lassen Trail
LocationRye Patch NW to California state line
Part ofBlack Rock Desert–High Rock Canyon Emigrant Trails National Conservation Area
NRHP reference No.78001722
Added to NRHPDecember 18, 1978

After the initial party traveled the trail, it continued to be used and improved over the next few decades.[3] In 1848, when news of the California Gold Rush reached the Willamette Valley, many settlers including Jesse and Lindsay Applegate left Oregon for the gold fields and used the trail to reach northern California.[1] On August 3, 1992, the Applegate Trail became a National Historic Trail as part of the California National Historic Trail.[5] The Nevada section of the trail is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Applegate-Lassen Trail.[6]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f Most, Stephen. "Subtopic: Inhabiting the Land: The Applegate Trail". The Oregon History Project. Oregon Historical Society. Archived from the original on February 19, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2008.
  2. ^ a b Brown, J. Henry (1892). Brown's Political History of Oregon: Provisional Government. Wiley B. Allen. p. 292.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Corning, Howard M. (1989) Dictionary of Oregon History. Portland: Binfords & Mort Publishing. p. 218–19.
  4. ^ "Applegate Trail". Oregon Encyclopedia. Oregon Historical Society. 2021. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
  5. ^ "California National Historic Trail". National Park Service. Archived from the original on June 3, 2008. Retrieved June 8, 2008.
  6. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
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